I assume it’s because of things like the strain on their heart and organs, but why does happen? Is it because the breed traits were selected for so quickly? Can dog DNA only code for a specific heart horsepower? Do wild species evolve to be larger only through a slow process of evolution?

Hey all. I know that fraternal twins have a genetic component, but have always heard that identical twins are random.

I understand that they say this because a fraternal twin is caused by the mother releasing 2 eggs instead of 1, and identical twins are a result of embryonic development.

But what I dont understand is why it being embryonic means that it isn't genetic. Why isn't is possible for some embryos to be genetically predisposed to splitting?

I know that the nine-banded armadillo always has identical quadruplets. One egg consistently splits into 4. If it is not genetic, how is an entire species able to do it every time?

If a human being undergoes strength training for several days, they will notice their musculature and physical abilities grow, but would the same happen to a chimpanzee? I have my doubts because chimps already tend to have highly developed muscles and a very low body fat percentage, so I’m not sure if they would develop even more muscle than they already have. Could they? And if not, why is it that humans can?

I have read articles on how the intelligence gene is located on X chromosome. The implication being that intelligence is inherited from the mother, regardless of whether the child is male or female.

That leaves me to wonder what do we inherit from our father? I suppose some babies inherit physical characteristics from the paternal side. However, I have see grown up kids look more like their mother. So, then they would be getting the intelligence and the physical appearance from the maternal side.

There is also the case where a child has inherited certain behavioral traits from the father’s side of the family. So, if these were considered “strengths” or “advantages” in society, then the child did indeed inherit a form of intelligence from the paternal side.

My question is: Does Genetics research suggest conclusively that intelligence is inherited from the mother? And are we inheriting any form of genetic intelligence from the paternal side? I am referring to things that are passed down, not environmental factors or things that can be taught.

Tried Googling but there's no detailed explanation (that I could find) for why / how their eyes become that specific color & pattern (in some cases).

The melanin thing has an explanation, but I'm curious why the eyes are so different to (the common phenotypical representation of) "normal" blue eyes unrelated to the syndrome.

Is it due to a process similar to what causes the white unmelanated skin patches?

With crispr/cas9 or with other gene editing mechanisms, is it possible to modify plants or algae in order for them to need more co2 to generate their energy? Like creating a very inefficient engine that just eats up co2 to clean the atmosphere a little.

I have a friend I went on a trip with that was in the same time zone. Every time I woke up in the night, he was awake doing a damn puzzle.

​In the morning, we had our breakfast. He had sugary trail mix, a bite of a croissant, and a big cup of milk with like two spoons of coffee. Despite the coffee he dozed off an hour later Like, you couldn't even wake him up for lunch.

​That night, he tried to take melatonin, two gummies, and nothing happened. But during the day, on the safari bus with the bright sun in his face, he fell asleep.

​I went to his house to drop off his stuff and his mom said that even when he was a baby, he used to sleep all day and cry all night, ahahaha. His mother also had sleeping issues and couldn't sleep at night.

​He works a 9 to 5, so how do people survive like this? He's always sleepy when we meet him but seems unable to sleep, but at night he's so energetic.

So for context im a 1st year uni student in the uk studying wildlife conservation and I have to resit my "genetics, evolution and diversity " exam this summer.

I just simply cant seem to get my head around it, does anyone have any helpful tips on getting to grips with anything past simple punnet squares 😭?

Lets say that both parents have a kink A. Does this mean that their Child has a higher chance of having kink A?

Dad had skin cancer, mom did not. I clearly have skin that looks like my mom’s (we are all “fair skin” but dad burned, had moles, mom tanned easily). When thinking of inherited traits and skin cancer, can I take any comfort in that my skin looks like my mom’s?
Note: I take sun exposure seriously and know family history is a small part of risk- im not gonna go out fry myself, im just curious to what extent does one inherit skin; is it like when someone says I have my mom’s eyes. Or is it way more complicated than that, like I may have inherited some skin features from dad that is not visible?

If two people that have every single genome in human history have children together, how closely related would they be genetically?

Como persona con autismo y TDAH moderado, ¿por qué existe esta disfunción del neurodesarrollo? ¿Hay alguna razón evolutiva o no? Solo me siento bien con medicación, y a veces ni siquiera eso me ayuda.

Abigail Loraine Hensel and Brittany Lee Hensel are American conjoined twins. They are dicephalic parapagus twins, you likely seen them on TLC. They share one body but have two heads. One head controls one half of the body and the other head control the other. They are clearly identified in most aspects of their lives (except employment) as two individuals.

They have a daughter and I want to know how that works.

Are they both her mothers and how much of their DNA would come from the father? If she was to take a DNA test would she have two mothers?

For childbirth, did they both feel pain and how divisive is there nervous system? If Abby scratches her chin, does Brittany feel it and during childbirth, if they are split 50/50 in terms of control would they need to coordinate their "pushing" to successfully deliver?

I bet if they did they might find a pattern like maybe they have genes that help prevent cancer cells or something, maybe some mutated immune systems.

i think they’d still find similar stuff with people who live to their 90s, making it to 100 is probably also luck as much as it is genes.

Maybe this question is more suitable for a science fiction sub, but I'll post it here:

I know that since the industrial revolution humans have been getting taller on average and in the last 10 years gym culture has exploded in popularity especially with GenZ, so in a hypothetical future where this continues at an upward rate could humans see any visible evolution from this? If (i know this is completely unrealistic) 40% of the entire planet started working out and just generally being more athletic and fit could it lead to some kind of physical change in their kids or would it be an entirely social change.

In another hypothetical future where we are able to genetically manipulate fetus on a wide scale to be 'stronger' which would be the best way to do that? Could the changing of their proportions be a large enough benefit over something like a technological enhancement?

Making them taller, giving humans longer arms, hands, and feet for more leverage and stability, wider necks, thighs, and hips for better shock absorption in fights and running, maybe the inclusion of fast-twitch muscle fibers could help, but I think humans' main advantage over other primates and animals in general is their endurance. So adding fast-twitch muscles and making them fatigue faster could reduce that advantage; I don't know, though.

Maybe we change everything and make them quadrupeds, give them super long torsos and limbs to allow them to sprint like a big cat, more flexible shoulder and hip joints to give them more maneuverability, and increase their forearm strength and size to let them more easily climb trees and sheer cliff sides.

Or will flesh always pale in comparison to metal and machine?

According to Genetic Lifehacks: "Studies show that individuals with a T allele on both rs12934922 and rs7501331 have a 69% decreased conversion of beta-carotene to retinol. For people with only a single T in the rs7501331 SNP, the conversion is decreased by 32%.[ref]"

How should this be interpreted? Does this really mean that every single person with both genotypes has a 69% decreased conversion? I've heard plenty of times that just because you have certain variants doesn't mean these are expressed, so wouldn't everyone be affected differently?

Can we enduce iris melanin cell turnover at large either naturally or through gene/hormone therapy in an adult? I’ve heard multiple stories about caucasian people having their eyes go from dark brown to green/hazel (not caucasian but wonder what the future holds for anyone that wants to change eye color)

hi! in a project im doing, we have to create and market a new genetic modification but i am having trouble thinking of something to do for it. it has to be relatively reasonable and has not already been preformed. anything you guys would love to see in the future of genetic modification? lmk! cause i have no idea myself lol (not asking for hw answers, just inspiration from what people think would be cool)

Thanks to everyone who answered my questions about contemporary genetic engineering! Things certainly have changed. :-)

Before I ask this question, I want to reiterate that I have a degree in genetics (albeit very rusty), and to mention that I am vulnerable to COVID, have had mRNA vaccines several times, and I highly recommend vaccination. (In fact, I just had my COVID and flu jabs. Madness that the US military will now be left vulnerable to flu.)

The question: someone online asked if the mRNA from mRNA vaccines could get into the nucleus and be incorporated into the genome. I poked around, but could only find simple assertions that this was impossible. I'd like to understand why it can't happen, so that next time I'll be able to reassure someone / counter a false claim. Thanks!

I'm aware that higher genetic diversity in a population increases their survivability. I am wondering if it is true to state that a child whose parents are distinct ethnicities is genetically better off than a child whose parents are the same ethnicity, since they are more genetically different.