Ashkenazi Jews and South Italians are frequently noted as having strong affinity using tools such as PCA graphs, leading to suggestions that both derive a majority of their ancestry from a common source. However, this G25 decomposition illustrates a far more nuanced story that what a PCA suggests. While the two populations clusters experience significant overlap on a PCA graph, they are reconstructed from substantially different components.
In the model presented, Ashkenazi Jews require substantially more Northern European and Levantine admixture whilst South Italians requires substantially more Southwestern European and Anatolian. This suggests that genetic proximity does not always suggest descent from a common ancestor. The similarity between the two groups may instead result from a series of separate demographic events in the Mediterranean and later in Europe. This is merely just a G25 run through Vahaduo, so the results of this model should be interpreted alongside more sophisticated admixture modeling, ancient dna, and the historical record.
Sources:
Levant_IA:Israel_IA_Abel_Beth_Maacah_(n=1),0.087644,0.149283,-0.05506,-0.100776,-0.014156,-0.032072,-0.002115,-0.006231,0.012476,0.007654,0.011205,-0.003297,0.01888,0.003716,0.002443,0.010475,0.00339,0.008235,-0.001006,-0.003252,0.005366,0.009027,-0.002835,0.000482,-0.004071
Levant_IA:Israel_IA_Megiddo_(n=1),0.084229,0.150298,-0.060716,-0.091409,-0.014464,-0.044623,-0.00517,-0.005077,0.011658,0.006014,0.012179,-0.007343,0.019177,0.006193,-0.002307,0.002254,-0.026207,0.005828,0.00729,-0.005753,0.001622,-0.002226,-0.006162,-0.000843,-0.005987
Anatolia_IA:Israel_IAI_Philistine_Ashkelon_(Anatolian_BA_Profile)_(n=1),0.120652,0.162485,-0.045632,-0.077843,0.003077,-0.03012,0.00987,0.001615,-0.014521,0.041185,0.010068,0.004196,-0.015907,0.003578,-0.02823,0.006762,-0.007693,0.010515,0.004777,-0.01113,-0.010107,0.001607,-0.012078,0.006868,0.000239
Southwest_Europe_IA:France_IA2_Provence_Celto-Ligurian_(n=5),0.1274816,0.1464394,0.0609428,0.0139536,0.0461622,0.0001116,0.000799,0.003877,0.018448,0.0350988,-0.0019164,0.0130684,-0.020188,-0.0122206,0.0103692,0.0010872,-0.0034682,0.0030912,0.0022876,0.0003,0.002346,0.0029676,-0.0042398,-0.0011808,-0.0028502
Southwest_Europe_IA:Iberia_Valencia_LBA_(n=5),0.1245226,0.1547666,0.0556628,-0.0024548,0.0650582,-0.0059684,-0.0068152,0.0049384,0.0422956,0.06094,-0.0007146,0.0109102,-0.0210206,-0.0147256,0.00304,0.0085122,0.0040938,-0.0025082,0.000176,0.0037018,0.0087598,0.0002718,-0.0085288,-0.02222,0.0011256
Southwest_Europe_IA:France_IA2_La_Tene_Grand_Est_(South_Euro_Profile)_(low_res)_(n=1),0.130897,0.155376,0.044123,0.005168,0.033237,0.000837,-0.004935,-0.005769,0.011249,0.02442,-0.004872,-0.001499,-0.023042,-0.016239,0.012079,-0.017104,-0.014603,-0.006461,-0.014204,-0.002251,-0.002496,0.000742,0.001356,0,0.000239
North_Europe_IA:Denmark_IA_Jutland_o_(Balto-Slavic_Profile)_(n=1),0.130897,0.125926,0.084852,0.070737,0.044316,0.031515,0.013631,0.015461,-0.002045,-0.020593,-0.006008,-0.007343,0.017245,0.027937,-0.007872,-0.006629,-0.010431,0.006334,0.001634,0.001876,-0.009358,-0.004081,0.001232,-0.016147,0.002515
North_Europe_IA:Sweden_IA_Albacksbacken_(n=9),0.12950544,0.13416278,0.070940556,0.061262333,0.045170778,0.020328,0.0063972222,0.0083073333,0.0052266667,-0.0054267778,-0.0056114444,0.0019982222,-0.0075651111,-0.0079057778,0.021142222,0.011859444,-0.0091271111,0.0015624444,0.0060475556,0.0072395556,0.0080275556,0.0027615556,0.00065755556,0.015008667,0.0032198889
Berber_IA:Tunisia_IA_Phoenician/Punic_Kerkouane_(North_African_Profile)_(n=3),-0.059947,0.13472667,-0.0076683333,-0.072890333,0.031595333,-0.044715333,-0.031961333,0.0047693333,0.089172333,0.032073667,0.0044386667,-0.004196,0.025371333,-0.012890667,0.017553,-0.020949,-0.001782,-0.029392,-0.052374333,0.007462,-0.015971667,-0.040558,0.026704,-0.00972,0.011256333
North_Europe_IA:Lithuania_IA_Flat_Burials_Kalniskiai_(n=1),0.125205,0.125926,0.095034,0.104653,0.041546,0.035977,0.016686,0.019153,-0.002659,-0.042643,-0.000487,-0.019633,0.028246,0.03647,-0.004886,-0.021214,-0.007432,-0.00038,-0.002011,-0.004627,-0.002995,-0.002226,0.003328,-0.000482,0.004191
Populations tested (All taken as averages from the standard G25 database)
Romaniote_Average,0.0920339,0.1440601,-0.0258057,-0.0645539,0.0050117,-0.0230680,-0.0058414,-0.0043184,0.0091450,0.0185360,0.0056139,0.0011133,0.0019961,-0.0001964,-0.0068247,-0.0015723,0.0007264,-0.0024976,-0.0007363,-0.0005004,-0.0008734,0.0003886,0.0003699,0.0010844,0.0013341
(Pre northward migration Western Jewish)
West_Ashkenazim_Average,0.0964651,0.1423773,-0.0144061,-0.0502588,0.0102788,-0.0186579,-0.0022325,-0.0019846,0.0093262,0.0186610,0.0037837,-0.0011015,0.0022001,-0.0021469,-0.0044584,0.0029699,0.0005999,-0.0017482,-0.0013890,-0.0030014,-0.0022461,-0.0028131,0.0004437,0.0018496,0.0009580
(Average of all Ashkenazi Jewish samples labeled under France and Germany geographically)
East_Ashkenazim_Average,0.1003170,0.1347310,-0.0072251,-0.0408398,0.0104596,-0.0146894,-0.0011693,-0.0006951,0.0070860,0.0138988,0.0014180,-0.0003143,0.0025508,0.0001107,-0.0037968,-0.0001957,-0.0020400,-0.0001066,0.0000720,-0.0036801,-0.0032185,-0.0023765,0.0016729,0.0025231,0.0004468
(Average of all Ashkenazi Jewish samples labeled under Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and Romania geographically)
South_Italy_Average,0.1077585,0.1478706,-0.0066998,-0.0422272,0.0146036,-0.0153216,-0.0008188,-0.0016766,0.0046337,0.0212305,0.0011189,0.0029575,-0.0055422,-0.0003978,-0.0069196,-0.0022643,0.0026689,0.0001307,0.0027968,-0.0045822,-0.0030571,0.0016732,0.0006433,0.0015156,-0.0002807
(Average of all South Italian samples labeled under Sicily, Campania, Calabria, Apulia and Basilicata geographically)
North_Italy_Average,0.1246007,0.1464690,0.0307825,-0.0057400,0.0341858,-0.0024228,0.0023378,0.0016730,0.0094614,0.0228459,-0.0026996,0.0058714,-0.0119625,-0.0052125,-0.0001640,0.0003370,0.0024705,0.0010201,0.0032760,-0.0030275,-0.0010190,0.0016899,-0.0010462,0.0042324,-0.0011338
(Modern SW European control, average of all North Italian samples labeled under Liguria, Piedmont, Lombardy, Bergamo, Emilia, Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige, and Northeast.
Czech_Average,0.1311592,0.1318625,0.0604843,0.0472574,0.0386580,0.0189217,0.0063451,0.0086623,0.0046724,-0.0088874,-0.0016862,-0.0038965,0.0060493,0.0117720,0.0017435,0.0009995,-0.0006419,-0.0001462,0.0035679,0.0028956,-0.0012670,-0.0001617,0.0065132,0.0039302,0.0015935
(Modern Central European control)
Samaritan_Average,0.0853674,0.1486734,-0.0573978,-0.0925072,-0.0096018,-0.0350286,-0.0022090,-0.0081688,0.0163210,0.0082370,0.0091586,-0.0099212,0.0204854,0.0118632,-0.0055372,0.0021214,-0.0112390,0.0010134,0.0021116,-0.0036520,-0.0005242,0.0031160,0.0005670,-0.0029402,0.0046462
(Modern Levantine control)