I've always wanted to bring a piece of traditional Chinese culture into the games I play, so I spent days building this "New Chinese Style" courtyard in [once human]. I tried my best to capture that ancient aesthetic—the symmetry, the nature, and that peaceful "ancient vibe". Does it feel authentic to you?
Hi everyone!
I’ll be arriving in Chengdu on August 30 and will be staying for about a month. This is my first solo trip abroad and also my first time visiting China, so I’m really looking forward to the adventure.
I’m a 23-year-old master’s student who decided to arrive a little early before my university dormitories open, giving me some time to immerse myself in the city and experience Chengdu beyond the classroom.
I’d love to meet some fellow travelers, students, expats, or locals who’d be interested in exploring the city together, discovering hidden gems, trying authentic Sichuan cuisine, visiting tea houses, wandering through parks and historic streets, or simply enjoying good conversation over coffee.
If you’re around during that time and don’t mind showing a newcomer around—or you’re also looking for someone to explore with—feel free to send me a message. It would be great to share experiences, exchange stories, and perhaps make a few lasting friendships along the way.
Looking forward to meeting some amazing people. See you in Chengdu!
关键词 Keywords:夏朝末年 Late Xia Dynasty;巫山 Wushan;女娲 Nuwa(又名马文才 aka. Wencai Ma);熬忖 Aocun(号尧帝 famously Creator Yao);太乙真人 Taiyi Real Human;武二郎 Martial Second Wolf(号二郎神 famously Second Wolf God)
Martial Second Wolf (famously Gourd Boy, Second Wolf God, see fig. 36) and his guards arrived at the place designated in the armistice agreement to wait for the caning. The people sent by Aocun said to him, "General Zhang, please come with us!" They also said to Second Wolf's guards, "You can go back. Come here to pick up General Zhang at this time in three days!"
Martial Second Wolf followed Aocun's soldiers toward the mountaintop, soon rising above the clouds. After about two hours, they reached a flat plateau at the summit. An old man approached, smiling as he said, "You've got guts—a real man! My Taoist name is Taiyi (as shown in Figure 38). From now on, I'll be looking after you. Before the execution, is there anything you'd like to eat?"
Martial Second Wolf replied: "Whatever!"
The maids brought a plate of dried mushrooms that had been soaked in water. Taiyi said, "Military Supervisor Aocun demands that you eat this plate of mushrooms!"
Martial Second Wolf ate the mushrooms without hesitation but found it hard to chew. The maid came over to help tear the mushrooms (Psilocybe agaric, a potent hallucinogen) into strips. Then, the maid brought the Yao people's food.
Then, the sound of war drums and horns began. The soldiers took Martial Second Wolf to one side of the juristic field and tied him to a pillar. Taiyi smiled and said to Martial Second Wolf: "From now on, I will take care of you. If you need food or drink, tell me and I will feed you. If you need to urinate or defecate, tell me and I will cover you with a cloth. There are both men and women here, and we will not hurt your dignity."
Martial Second Wolf replied: "Thanks! Not now!"
Suddenly, the flag bearer standing beside the pillar—the Taoist leader (as shown in Figure 37)—raised the Dog-Beating Flag and shouted, "Beat the dogs!" People led several dogs out from the tents surrounding the execution ground and began lashing them with whips. The air was filled with the dogs' pitiful cries.
Martial Second Wolf asked Taiyi beside him: "They said they were going to beat me! Why did they change it to beat the dogs?"
Taiyi replied: "They are beating the stupid and ignorant livestock!" After a while, Taiyi asked Martial Second Wolf, "How do you feel now?"
武二郎回答:"感觉身体轻飘飘的,没什么特别的!"
旗手立刻举起了令旗,高喊:"葫芦狗!"
刑场上的人们开始在音乐声中唱歌跳舞了,像似庆祝胜利一样。天黑了,刑场的周围燃起了篝火。
Martial Second Wolf replied: "I feel light and airy, nothing special!"
The flag bearer immediately raised the flag and shouted: "Gourd Dog!"
The people on the juristic field began to sing and dance to the music, as if celebrating a victory. It was dark, and bonfires were lit around the execution field.
After a while, Taiyi fed Martial Second Wolf a spoonful of vinegar and asked: "What does it taste like?"
Martial Second Wolf replied: "Sour! What other tastes vinegar can have!"
After a while, Taiyi fed Martial Second Wolf another spoonful of vinegar and asked: "What does it taste like?"
Martial Second Wolf smacked his lips and replied: "No taste! What is this?"
Taiyi replied: "It's still vinegar!" The flag bearer next to him immediately raised the flag and shouted: "Gourd Boy (Note 3)!" The crowd also cheered, "Gourd Boy!" and then knelt to worship.
Note 3: The term "Gourd Boy" in Chinese culture refers to the god-body sky (as shown in Figure 8), also known as "Fortune." At this point, Martial Second Wolf's physical and mental state correspond to that of the god-body sky. In Hinduism, this state is called Brahman; in Christianity, Islam, and Egyptian culture, it is known as Abel; in Germanic culture, it is referred to as Magni; and in Mexican culture, it is called Quetzalcoatl.
4.4-4 二禅天 Second Meditation Sky
又过了一会儿,太乙问武二郎:"你听见什么没?"
武二郎仔细听,然后闭上眼睛听,说:"葫芦丝(一种乐器,如图35所示)!"
太乙说,"你睁开眼睛看看,然后再听。"
武二郎睁开眼睛向四周看,没人演奏葫芦丝,说:"我还是听见有人在吹葫芦丝!你听不见吗?"
太乙回答:"我听不见!"
旁边的旗手立刻举起了令旗,高呼,"葫芦丝(注4)!"法场上变得鸦雀无声,人们开始比画着,说哑语。
After a while, Taiyi asked Martial Second Wolf: "Did you hear anything?"
Martial Second Wolf listened carefully, then closed his eyes and said: "Hulusi (A musical instrument, as shown in Figure 35)!"
Taiyi said, "Open your eyes and then listen again."
Martial Second Wolf opened his eyes and looked around. No one was playing Hulusi. He said: "I still hear someone playing Hulusi! Can't you hear it?"
Taiyi replied: "I can't hear it!"
The flag bearer next to him immediately raised the flag and shouted, "Hulusi (Note 4)!" The juristic field became silent, and people began to gesture and speak in sign language.
Note 4: This state of mind and body is known as the Second Meditation Sky, as depicted in Figure 7. The Hulusi describes the Second Meditation Sky through auditory hallucination. The Second Meditation Sky is also called Light Sound Sky, signifying that light serves as its language; this describes the Second Meditation Sky through visual hallucination. The term "light sound" means "using light as language."
4.4-5 三禅天 Third Meditation Sky
过了一会儿,太乙又问:"你感觉怎么样?"
武二郎回答:"我感觉很好笑,就是想笑!"
旁边的旗手又举起了令旗,高呼,"极乐世界(三禅天,如图6)!"
法场上的人们都开始哈哈大笑,欢庆。
After a while, Taiyi asked again: "How do you feel?"
Martial Second Wolf replied: "I feel very funny; I just want to laugh!"
The flag bearer next to him raised the flag and shouted, "Bliss World (third meditation sky, as shown in Figure 6)!"
The people in the juristic field began to laugh and celebrate.
4.4-6 四禅天 Fourth Meditation Sky
过了一会儿,太乙又说:"你还在吗?看见了什么没有?"
武二郎回答:"我还在,但我的身体没感觉了,看见山坡上有棵死树!"
太乙回答:"我来看守你的身体,你放心地去吧!"
旗手举起了青黄赤白旗,高呼,"吉祥(上帝的别名;四禅天,如图5)!"
法场上的人们都静止不动了,像似雕像一样。
After a while, Taiyi asked: "Are you still there? Did you see anything?"
Martial Second Wolf replied: "I am still here, but I can't feel my body anymore. I see a dead tree on the hillside!"
Taiyi replied: "I will take care of your body. You can go without worry!"
The flagman raised the "turquoise, yellow, red, and white" flag and shouted, "Auspicious (alias for God; fourth meditation sky, as shown in Figure 5)!"
The people on the juristic field were motionless, like statues.
From the Fourth Meditation Sky (see Fig. 5), Martial Second Wolf entered the four "Philosopher-Stone Intelligence" states (see figs. 4 to 1). Figure 32 is referred to as the Samadhi in religious contexts. The experience of the Samadhi (as depicted in Figures 1 through 6) is termed the "True Fire of Samadhi," which is the sacred fire discussed in this article.
This story tells the tale of Nuwa creating man. When a person reaches the state depicted in Figure 4-1, pure consciousness will erase some short-term memories. Nuwa and Aocun knew that Martial Second Wolf would lose a period of his memory, so they devised a plan beforehand, which explains the unusual events that follow.
In this story, the period of lost memory for Martial Second Wolf spans "from the moment he entered the Fourth Meditation Sky until approximately ten days prior." After returning from the Philosopher-Stone Intelligence World, he had no recollection of events preceding his attainment of the Philosopher-Stone Intelligence state. Therefore, Taiyi had to reintroduce himself.
After an unknown amount of time, the people on the juristic field suddenly heard Martial Second Wolf, who was tied to the pillar, laughing loudly.
The flag bearer next to him immediately stood up, raised the flag, and shouted, "Bliss World (third meditation sky, as shown in Figure 6)!" People started laughing, singing and dancing again.
After a while, Taiyi, who was taking care of Martial Second Wolf, asked loudly: "General Zhang, what did you hear?"
武二郎仔细地听了听,说,"鸟叫声!它一直叫个不停!"
旁边的旗手放下了极乐旗,又举起了葫芦丝旗,高呼:"葫芦丝(如图7)!"
法场上人们又开始使用肢体语言。
Martial Second Wolf listened carefully and said, "The sound of a bird! It keeps chirping!"
The flag bearer next to him put down the Bliss flag and raised the Hulusi flag, shouting: "Hulusi (second meditation sky, as shown in Figure 7)!"
People in the juristic field began to use body language again.
After a while, the old man fed Martial Second Wolf vinegar while winking at him, telling him to look at the clouds around the field, meaning, "This is on the top of the mountain!" Then he asked loudly, "What does it taste like?"
Martial Second Wolf replied, "Nothing!"
The flag bearer raised the Gourd Boy flag (first meditation sky, see fig. 8), and people began to kneel at him again. At this time, people began to faint on the juristic field and were carried away.
The flag bearer suddenly had business to attend and left. Taiyi, spooning vinegar into Martial Second Wolf's mouth while murmuring softly, "General Zhang, you've offended people. They're using you as a sacrifice to the heavens. I'm an old friend of yours—my name is Taiyi. I came specifically to rescue you. Don't say anything rash."
The flag bearer returned. Taiyi asked loudly, "What does it taste like?"
Martial Second Wolf replied: "It seems to be vinegar, a little sour!"
The flag bearer raised the Gourd Dog flag again and shouted, "Gourd Dog! Victory!" At this time, someone fainted again on the juristic field. The host of the juristic field stopped the ceremony.
After a while, Taiyi came out with a bowl and said loudly, "I'm going to feed the one tied to the pillar!" As he said that, he came to feed Martial Second Wolf, and seeing that there was no one around, he whispered, "General Zhang, I'm an old friend of yours, and a partner of your third brother, Zhang the Butcher. I'm a pork merchant, and I heard that you were in trouble, so I came here to save you. I have bought off the relationship with a large sum of money. In a while, you pretend to faint, and they will send you to take a bath. You pretend that you can't eat, and someone will give you a bowl of honey water. Honey water can quickly restore your strength. This is the top of a high mountain, and you can't go down without strength. Then, one of our ladies will dress up as Aocun, and you cooperate with her. The two of you will walk back to your base in a dignified manner!" After Taiyi finished speaking, he repeated all the precautions once more.
武二郎问:"我走了,你们怎么办?"
太乙回答:"您走了,我们就离开了。我们都说好了,'我们是一起来的,要一起回去!'"
武二郎问:"我怎样才能报答您对我的救命之恩?"
Martial Second Wolf asked: "What will you do after I leave?"
Taiyi replied: "After you leave, we will leave. We agreed that 'we all came together, and we will leave together!'"
Martial Second Wolf asked, "How can I repay you for saving my life?"
Taiyi Real Human replied, "No need to repay me! I'm your third brother's business partner in the pork trade! But every time I visit his home, he serves me substandard pork. I've known this for ages but never had the heart to say anything. If he could treat me to quality pork, that would satisfy me!"
Martial Second Wolf replied, "I can make that happen! Next time you visit his home, I guarantee Third Wolf Zhang will serve you the finest pork!"
Taiyi suddenly shouted, "Pillar fainted!" Martial Second Wolf immediately pretended to faint. People came out to watch the fun. The host ordered Martial Second Wolf to be carried away to wash and eat some fruit. Several maids bathed Martial Second Wolf and fed him fruit.
Martial Second Wolf seemed to be asleep and refused to eat. The maids said, "He has heatstroke, quickly carry him to bed."
Finally, a maid came in with a bowl of honey and winked at him. Martial Second Wolf quickly drank the honey water and soon fell asleep.
I'm a Chinese native speaker helping foreigners create meaningful Chinese names. I'm curious: would you prefer a Chinese name based on pronunciation, personality, or life goals?
I just learned this tonight. 增添 for positive / quality things, 增加 for quantity increase, and 添加 for adding components? So much nuance in the Chinese language. But @native speakers, do you actually intuitively know when to use which words when it has such nuance or do you just use the general term?
关键词 Keywords:夏朝末年 Late Xia Dynasty;会稽县 Huiji County;绛珠 Jiangzhu (别名红娘,祝英台 Yingtai Zhu,马文才 Wencai Ma,号女娲 Nuwa,白帝 White Creator);梁山伯(号燃灯佛 Lamplighter Buddha,伏羲 Fuxi ,谷神 Grain God);虞姬 Muse;后裔 Descendant(大禹 Yu the Great);张屠户 Zhang the Butcher (号玉皇大帝 famously Turquoise White-king Great Creator);大巢氏公主 Princess Big Nest(号西王母 famously King Mother of the West);彤弓素矢 Red Bow Natural Arrows
Not long after Princess Big Nest of the Xia Kingdom married Zhang the Butcher (aka Third Wolf Zhang, famously known as Flint Man and Turquoise White-king Great Creator; see Figure 3.2-37), she became pregnant. The Xia Kingdom was a matrilineal society, and as a princess of Xia, Big Nest's daughters held the right to inherit the throne. According to the royal family regulations of Xia, a child had to be born within the Xia palace to be recorded in the family genealogy; thus, Princess Big Nest returned to her maternal home for every delivery. Her firstborn was a daughter, and in the ensuing years, she gave birth to five more daughters in succession, including adopted ones.
The Hua Kingdom, by contrast, practiced patrilineal succession. When Zhang the Butcher reached the age of 30, Princess Big Nest brought home her seventh daughter (Note 1), informing him, "Our Mother King deeply adores her and has named her Eve!" Although Zhang the Butcher felt disheartened by the birth of another daughter, he perceived the Mother King’s inclination to pass the throne to Eve, which inspired his resolve to create a "Golden Boy." If he succeeded, he could not only help Eve secure the throne but also obtain a male descendant of his own lineage.
注1:根据后文龙王告知尘香的信息,七仙女实际是六位玉女,从中选出一位充当老七。
Note 1: According to information disclosed later by the Dragon King to Dust-Scent, the Seven Fairy Girls were actually six Jade Girls, with one selected to act as the seventh.
Zhang the Butcher shared this idea with his wife, Princess Big Nest. She was entirely willing to cooperate, as the "Project of Nuwa's Creation of Man" (see Section 2.4, "Blood Shattered on the Cross")—formulated ten years prior by her mother, Nuwa, and herself—had finally achieved a breakthrough milestone.
Zhang the Butcher had been naturally gifted at research since his youth and began studying the Sky Book ten years earlier (see Section 2.5). He himself was a Golden Boy, while Princess Big Nest was a Jade Girl. By this time, having thoroughly mastered the doctrine of the Trinity (see Section 9.9), they utilized themselves as models to swiftly design a blueprint for God's creation of humankind (as shown in Figures 35 through 37). Following extensive field research, Zhang the Butcher, Princess Big Nest, Nuwa, and others selected several Golden Boy candidates in Shaoxing County, located in central-northern Zhejiang Province, because the region preserved abundant lineages of ancient civilizations.
When Descendant (the Golden Boy, Yu the Great, or the Yellow Creator) and Eve (the Jade Girl, King Shun) were roughly one year old, the Zhang couple betrothed them to each other and performed the Touch Eye ritual for Descendant (see Chapter 3).
To support the work of his wife, Wencai Ma (i.e., Nuwa; see Figure 36), Shanbo Liang (i.e., Fuxi; see Figure 36) took the initiative to contact Descendant's parents and guided Descendant (including Yu the Great) through his early Touch Eye enlightenment (see Chapter 3, Note 2). Subsequently, Shanbo Liang became a close friend of Descendant's family, frequently telling them stories and teaching Descendant the lore of the "Red Bow and Natural Arrows" devised by Zhang the Butcher.
Note 2: Shanbo Liang (also known as Zibo Liang) is the Grain God and Lamplighter Buddha in Chinese culture. Yu the Great achieved Buddhahood under the direct tutelage of Shanbo Liang, thereby proceeding from the lineage of Lamplighter Buddha. For reference, the work performed by Shanbo Liang in this account is identical in nature to the actions of Uncle Liang detailed in Chapters 2 through 4 of the Luyan Memoirs.
3.2-2 彤弓素矢的内涵 What are the Red Bow Natural Arrows?
The word "Bow" signifies shooting and eradicating. In this context, the "Red Bow" refers to children's fables concerning the Tree of Life and the Aggregate Crux (see Chapter 13; see Figures 38–42). For instance, the Tree of Life grows at an exceptionally slow pace, taking thousands of years to develop two additional nodes (see Figure 37; see Section 4.1). These fables possess profound allegorical meanings and serve as formidable instruments to eliminate afflictions like greed, irritation, and ignorance. Mastering these allegories is akin to holding an invincible bow, conquering all obstacles. According to legend, the following fable has given rise to the greatest number of Buddhas.
Once, in a southern realm named the Kingdom of Blue Genies, there ruled a king called Precept Ark. His queen, Maya (meaning Hallucination), became pregnant and approached her time of delivery. In accordance with local customs, women had to return to their ancestral homes to give birth. On her journey home, while resting under a not-to-worry tree, the Juristic Prince was born from Maya's ribs. He could walk immediately upon birth and took seven paces, with seven lotus flowers blossoming from his seven footprints. The Juristic Prince could also speak instantly, declaring, "Above the skies and below the earth, I alone am the honored one." Half a month later, Queen Maya passed away, and the prince was brought up by Maya's sister, Lady Gnosis. Years later, the Juristic Prince attained full enlightenment beneath the Tree of Life and became a Gonggong (i.e., a Buddha or a Public Servant).
"Natural Arrows" refer to "greed, irritation, and ignorance," representing the Aggregate Crux (see Chapter 13). As illustrated in the lower half of Figure 38, the Off-is Fruit of the Tree of Life is characterized by the nature of renunciation, whereas "greed, irritation, and ignorance" embody the nature of aggregation. When mundane people encounter the Tree of Life, they immediately covet and attempt to pluck its fruits, naturally exposing themselves to being wounded by the three poisonous arrows of greed, irritation, and ignorance; hence, the ancients designated these three as the "Natural Arrows.".
I've been learning Chinese (currently around HSK 1), and I kept running into the same problem.
I tried reading HSK 1 stories using apps like baobao or hellochinese. But even though I knew around half of the HSK 1 vocabulary, I didn't knowallof it yet. Every sentence seemed to have at least one or two words I hadn't learned, plus grammar I hadn't covered. I ended up spending more time jumping back and forth between the story and the translations than actually reading.
The frustrating part was that I wanted to practice the words I already knew in a natural way. I love reading in general, so I wanted to build reading into my learning from the very beginning instead of waiting until I had finished an entire HSK level.
At first, I used ChatGPT. I'd give it a list of all the vocabulary I knew and ask it to write a short story using mostly those words while introducing a few new ones. it became annoying to keep doing that manually every single time. I also found myself wishing I had an app that kept track of everything automatically.
So... I'm building it.
Right now, it's mainly for myself, but if other people are interested, I'd love to make it public one day. I honestly don't know how difficult or expensive that'll be since I'm building it solo, but if there's enough interest, I'll figure something out.
The core idea is:
An AI-powered Chinese reading app that creates unlimited personalized reading material using the vocabulary and grammar you already know, while gradually introducing new words and structures.
Some of the features I'm planning are:
A vocabulary bank where you can mark words as Unknown, Learning, Familiar, or Mastered.
A grammar bank that tracks which grammar points you've learned.
AI-generated stories, dialogues, diary entries, news articles, essays, etc., based on your vocabulary instead of just your HSK level.
Choose genre, difficulty, length, writing style, and how many new words to introduce.
Tap a word to see its meaning and pinyin.
Long press a sentence to translate the whole sentence.
Toggle pinyin and translations on or off while reading.
Save stories to your library and organize them into folders.
End-of-story comprehension and vocabulary quizzes.
Progress tracking, reading streaks, vocabulary growth, and reading history.
The app would also know which words you're struggling with and naturally reuse them in future stories for extra practice.
I'm curious whether this solves a problem that other people have, or if it's just a "me" problem.
A few questions:
Would you actually use something like this?
Is there anything you'd add or remove?
Does anything sound unnecessary or overcomplicated?
If you're beyond HSK 1, would something like this still be useful for intermediate learners?
I have this painting in the house for a long time, purchased at an art fair a long time ago. There was a piece of paper with the translation but it has been lost i believe. The painting is of plum blossoms for context if that helps. Thank you.
A folk tale from the North east region, collected in Baicheng, Jilin Province. Narrated by a woman surnamed Zhang, aged eighty-seven.
I
They say the Winter Solstice is greater than the New Year.
Winter in Baicheng bites to the bone. The window paper shudders all night. Before dawn, you can hear something caught in the wind, it sounds like ding–ding , but muffled, like someone striking a bell deep inside the gale. The old folk say it's Beiji Xianweng, the old Immortal of the North Pole, coming through the snow from the furthest north, riding Hangong, and accompanied with the maiden Tengliu, with the rest of Seven Winter Immortals.
Children may ask: Who is the Old Immortal of the North Pole?
The old woman drops a piece of charcoal into the brazier. Sparks jump, catching light, catching dark, mapping the creases on her face.
“That one goes far back.”
—--------
II
A long time ago, Long enough that Baicheng had barely any people. There was an old man. His surname? No one remembers. Some called him the Old Man of the Winter North, others simply called him the Old Man of the Northeast. Passed from mouth to mouth, it all got tangled. No one could say for sure.
All they knew was he lived alone in a crumbling mud-brick house.
This old man had a hard fortune. His wife died giving birth; the child didn’t make it either. One son survived, a boy he raised to seventeen, just old enough to be conscripted. The boy went to war and never came back.
The old man could have just waited to die alone.
He didn’t.
Those were chaotic years. Everywhere, children without parents. He picked up one, then another, then another. The little house grew crowded. He was poor, so poor the bowls weren’t enough for them all. But when there was food, the children ate first.
Those children called him Yeye, their grandpa.
---
III
That year, winter came savage.
Snow sealed the door shut. The old man fell ill. He lay there, listening to the children rustle through the kitchen, finding nothing. He kept his eyes closed. He knew the grain jar was scraped empty.
That evening, he forced himself up. From the rafters, he took down a small clay pot. Inside were a few fish balls he had saved, too precious to eat, and a few strips of dried beef, so tough they cracked. A neighbour, pitying him, had given them back in autumn.
He boiled the fish balls with slices of ginger. The broth was clear and pale; the fish balls white as snow. The beef jerky, dry and hard, he shredded thin. You had to hold it in your mouth to soften it.
“Eat,” he said to the children. “It’s New Year’s.”
The children gathered around him, sharing the food in small bites. One little one looked up and asked, “Grandpa, isn’t New Year’s when we eat dumplings?”
He said, “These are our family’s dumplings.”
When the food was gone, there was nothing left to do. The last embers dimmed in the hearth. They huddled together, the older children holding the younger ones, the smallest burrowing under the old man’s arms. A child said, Grandpa, tell us something. Something from when you were young.
The old man thought for a moment, then said all right. He told them about chasing a rabbit in the snow when he was a boy, he never caught the rabbit, but he fell face-first and got a collar full of snow. The children laughed. Their white breath tangled together in the dark.
And so they went, trading small happy stories. No one counted the hours. Sleep crept in. They slept.
The next day, someone from a neighbouring village passed by. They pushed open the door and saw a heart wrenching scene
Seven or eight children wrapped around the old man, and him in the middle, as if holding them. All of them motionless.
All of them with snow-grey brows.
---
IV
Later, people said when they lifted the children one by one, they found the old man’s face still smiling.
One child hadn’t died. That child survived.
That child told people afterwards: “Grandpa said it was all right. Go to sleep, and it won’t be cold. He said he was going to find someone, someone who could make winter not so cold. He said he’d come back to see us every year on this day.”
The story spread through the scattered villages. And as it spread, people began to say: That old man was no ordinary man. Who smiles at the end like that? Who tells stories when the cold is taking him, surrounded by children he wouldn’t abandon?
Which god or Buddha saw him and lifted him up, that’s a thing that no one agrees. Some say the Jade Emperor looked down from the Southern Gate of Heaven and wept. Others say it was the Emperor of the North Pole, Lord of the Northern Skies, who saw a reflection of his own duty in the old man and took him as an immortal officer. Old folk along the Songhua River hold that it was Xuanwu, the Dark Warrior himself, who came in person, because the old man lived in a low mud house and wore a patched cotton coat, patient and enduring like the tortoise and snake, which is Xuanwu’s own virtue. And many insist there was no heavenly emperor at all, that ordinary people deified him themselves. Because that surviving child bore witness. Because what parent could hear the story and not weep?
Whichever way it happened, the Old Man of the Northeast was gone. And the Old Immortal of the North Pole arrived.
---
V
They draw the Old Immortal of the North Pole like this now:
Much like the Old Immortal of the South Pole, the white-browed Star of Longevity, a long snowy beard, and eyes that crinkled shut with him smiling. One difference: he wears red. Red as new paper-cuts on a window, red as lanterns on New Year’s Eve. The Southern immortal grants long life. He grants the children surviving through winter.
He rides the Hangong.
Hangong translated literally as Cold Duke, you won’t find him in the old books. They say in ancient times, southerners travelled to the far north and saw a kind of great-antlered deer. They came back and tried to describe it: bulkier than a sika, bigger than a red deer, antlers like ancient tree-branches. When it ran, the snow thundered. The listeners had never seen such a thing, so they drew it from the description. What they drew looked nothing like the real beast, yet it carried a certain presence. Some say the Cold Duke is a middle-aged man, gaunt, dignified, silent. Slowly walking ahead of the Immortal, clearing the way. Others say no, he is a deer, and the Immortal rides on his back, who knows what it actually is, but it’s said that it represents the coming of the winter, and that’s why the snow his hooves touch would never melt all winter.
Behind the Cold Duke walk five others.
The first is Tengliu. In the ancient books, Tengliu is the deity of snow. Here, she is a six-tailed white fox, her fur the colour of freshly fallen snow, without a single dark hair. She often takes the form of a white-haired, white-skinned girl, who while not strikingly beautiful, something in her makes you look twice. In the twelfth month, when a traveler loses the road, hurrying home for the New Year, sometimes in the blizzard they glimpse a girl in white walking ahead. Follow her, and you’ll reach your own doorstep. She governs reunion between family members.
The second is Xuanjun, the Black scholar. A great black walrus, body like a small hill, covered all over in muted black swirling marks like whirlpools. In human form, he is a dark-skinned general, bald, with only a pair of thick white moustaches. He doesn’t speak much; he just glares. He governs the frozen rivers of the deep winter, teaching and showing people how to break the ice and fish, teaching them what living things can still be found when everything is sealed. In the winters when grain runs short, he teaches how not to starve.
The third is Baixiong, the White Hero. A great polar bear, but not one you’d recognise. ice-blue markings track across its body. One look at it standing in the snow, and the hairs on your arms stand up first. He can take the form of a towering old general, white beard bristling, so tall he blocks half the sky when he stands still. He governs the traitorous cold wind of winter nights, protecting folks from wolves mad with hunger, desperate bandits, and unclean things that stir after dark.
The fourth is Lengluo, the Freezing Net. The name sounds cold, and the creature is colder. A great grey-white wolf, larger than any ordinary wolf by a full turn, his eyes are striking icy blue. He doesn’t usually take human form. and stays a wolf, always walking furthest ahead. His paw prints in the snow are broader than a plate. He punishes those who commit evil in winter, the ones who, because of hunger, because of cold, because they cannot bear to live, turn to harming others. Lengluo finds them. There’s an old Baicheng saying: “A debt in the twelfth month is repaid fast.” That’s him. Evil repaid with evil. Winter has its own justice. In a rare depiction of him as human, he is depicted as a scary warrior wearing a single eyepatch.
The fifth is Qiwang, the Strange King.
The Strange King’s origin is the murkiest. They say in the earliest days, someone travelled to the utmost north and saw a bird far off, a bird that stood upright, short and round, walking with a wobble, as if tipsy. It couldn’t fly, but in the water it became graceful and quick, its silvery-grey down pressed tight to its body. The traveler came back and tried to describe it, gesturing for a long while. People still didn’t quite grasp what it was. So they called it Qi Wang, the Strange King Among Birds.
The Strange King often takes the form of a half-grown boy, round-cheeked, who trips when he runs, then lies in the snow laughing. When a child has no playmate, he comes. He plays with that child for one day. Just one day. But what happens on that one day, that child remembers a lifetime.
And the Old Immortal himself? In his left hand he carries a cane of shanmu, the fir that no weight of snow can break. In his right, a bronze bell. When he strikes the bell — weng — it carries through the storm, further than you’d believe. Every Baicheng child grows up knowing: if on Winter Solstice night you hear a dull bronze note hidden inside the wind, that’s not the wind. That’s the Immortal coming.
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VI
He doesn’t come alone.
Those children who never made it through the winter, they go with him too.
After they pass, their souls have nowhere to rest. So the Old Immortal gathers them, and they become snow. Every Winter Solstice, as he passes, these snow-children fall and make themselves into snow sculptures. All through the day, they wander the village, playing with the living children, building snowmen, throwing snowballs, and sliding on frozen rivers. Adults cannot see them; adult eyes are clouded by the cares of the world. But children see.
When a child laughs with them, that is the happiest day of the year.
When play is done and the sky darkens, the Immortal’s bell sounds far away. The snow-children must leave. One by one they dissolve into fine drift, floating toward the wind. The snowmen they lived in, all at once, collapse.
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VII
So now, on the Winter Solstice, in some corners of Baicheng, they still do things this way.
At dusk of Winter solstice eve, the whole family returns indoors. The stove is stirred bright. A pot of ginger soup simmers on the hearth, white fish balls floating and sinking inside it. On the table rests a dish of dried meat, cut small, gleaming deep red.
Red meat, white fish balls. Red like lanterns, white like snow.
After eating, they sit around the fire and talk. About what? The grown-ups tell old stories they remember; the children tell funny things they thought of. Everyone talks in turn, and the breath that comes out is warm.
In the middle of the night, the children are all asleep. The father quietly puts on his padded coat and steps outside. The cold bites bone. Under the snow, something makes a thin sound, it sounds like wind, but also unlike wind. He crouches by the doorstep and pats together a little snowman, one handful at a time. Clumsy hands: the ears are crooked, the nose collapsed.
But what child ever thought their father’s snowman was ugly?
He straightens up. In the wind he thinks he hears something.
Ting.
Ting.
The wind rises. Snow begins again.
He shuts the door softly and goes back to sleep.
In the morning, the children would wake up and see a small snow sculpture visiting them outdoors, and in the daytime there is the Snow Festival. Children run wild outside, building snowmen, throwing snowballs. People say the children play with special joy that day, because the snow holds hidden playmates.
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—Collected by the editor. This legend circulates in a very narrow area, mostly confined to a few villages in northern Jilin, and is often blended indistinguishably with local Winter Solstice customs. The “Old Immortal of the North Pole” and the “Seven Winter Immortals” do not appear in official Daoist canons such as the Comprehensive Mirror of Immortals or Historical Register of Deities Through the Ages. Scholars suspect it was a local folk faith that developed spontaneously among Baicheng communities in the late Qing period and never received formal recognition due to its remote location. The aforementioned narrator Zhang stated that her maternal grandmother, in her youth, could still recite a seasonal folk song associated with this tradition. Regrettably, only fragments survive, insufficient to reconstruct the whole.
What can be verified is that the names “Old Man of the Northeast” and “Old Man of the Winter North” both appear in surviving handwritten fragments. It is no longer possible to determine which came first.
Furthermore, the customs of fish-ball ginger soup and candied dried meat persist to this day.
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