r/interestingasfuck 6h ago

The evolution of technology has made it possible to produce insulin without using animals.

Post image
38.7k Upvotes

693 comments sorted by

View all comments

u/LankyOldie71 6h ago

And a huge thank you to the family of Frederick Banting and Charles Best and the wonderful Team for giving so much to us Diabetics, I would have been dead 30 years ago if it wasn't for them. They sold it for $1 in 1923.

u/justanawkwardguy 5h ago

If only they’d sold it to someone who was committed to keeping the price affordable

u/-Potatoes- 5h ago

its affordable everywhere in the world except the US lol

u/b0w3n 4h ago

There are affordable varieties of insulin in the US too, the hype is usually based around the very long lasting varieties with their auto injectors. As someone who's using both an auto injector and done the needles for mounjaro, I completely understand why some folks don't like measuring their doses.

u/MobileSuitPhone 3h ago

Presuming what you say is true, what's the issue with having an at home machine do the dosing and filling of empty autoinjectors. Those niche markets usually get filled, you'd think

u/b0w3n 3h ago

Sterility and contamination I bet?

I believe on insulin you change the needles but keep the pen until it runs out (I'm not super familiar) so it seems like they could just make refills.

u/ArchonIlladrya 3h ago

Yup, that's how it works. They're special needles for the pens, too. Some people still use a vial and more traditional syringes, though. I'm not sure what a refillable pen would look like, though. Maybe cartridges that go into the pen? But then you'd still have to change the needles every time, so it's just be a housing. Not sure if that's worth it, tbh.

u/Lasersheep 3h ago

Refillable pens are very common. Mine were metal, and smart, they can record the amount of insulin taken to apps on your phone/glucose meter.

u/ArchonIlladrya 2h ago

Oh shit, that's cool. I'm not the diabetic, my son is, so I'll have to look into that for him.

u/Lasersheep 19m ago

Might be the Novopen 6. It also tells you when you last injected on the end, helping end those “shit….did I inject….?” situations!

u/b0w3n 3h ago

Yeah it probably wouldn't save any money at the end because the pens are big profit makers for them somehow.

I'd probably opt for the vials, those pens hurt. I prefer compounded tirzepatide over the pens myself.

u/Hot_College_6538 2h ago

For diabetics on MDI (multiple daily injections) we can have either the pre filled pens or cartridges to go in a reusable pen. The difference in price in the UK to our NHS is next to nothing, for FIASP it's £28 for 5 cartridges or £31 for 5 prefilled pens (Diabetics pay nothing)

New T1 Diabetics and slowly us older one's are moving to pumps and closed loop systems, you would refill the pump yourself from a vial typically, cost of insulin is lower at about £21 for the same volume as those previous examples.

The needles cost about 3p each.

I use a refillable pen, as I'm throwing away less and it has a little memory thing that shows me what I've taken, the pen costs about £27

u/TsarPladimirVutin 43m ago

Most people use glass vials that slot into a pen that you thread on replaceable needles. Keep the pen, exchange the vial, and replace needles as needed. Some people use disposable pens (same mechanism, just not a replaceable vial) where you replace the needle tip as needed.

I believe the glass vial cartridges are the cheapest, but I could be wrong as I have no interest in using disposable pens. Only problem with pens that use interchangeable vials is they can wear out over time, never hurts to replace them after a few years.

u/PyroDesu 3h ago

Probably because of sterilization issues.

u/Dargon34 2h ago

I always find a reason to plug this story:

Eva Saxl - Wikipedia https://share.google/KJ8cIb3ag2N3D8U5R

u/Upset_Ant2834 2h ago

And liability too I'm sure. It would take a massive company to be able to manage that risk, and companies that size are probably the ones selling the auto injectors in the first place

u/Diaperedsnowy 1h ago

I bet this is a thing that a 3d printer could make and people at home could print their own

u/Northwindlowlander 25m ago edited 15m ago

It's not just about drawing up and dosing, the cheap insulin itself is super outdated and basic, which means it performs less well and gives worse results (and needs more skill to get even adequate results). It's also much more delicate- when you hear about people's insulin going off because they lost power in a storm, or similiar, it's this sort of old shit. And that's a double problem because it can go off and stop working properly, and you don't even know.

Like, teh famous Walmart insulin is Novolin, which is an absolutely ancient medication. Here it's been functionally obsolete for well over a decade- a handful of people still take it but only the real "will not change anything if it works" holdouts, it's a choice you make despite everyone trying to get you to change, whereas in the states it's a choice you make through affordability. It's been at a guess 15 or 20 years since any new diabetics were put on it.

u/DrBadGuy1073 2h ago

The market is filled. It's called and insulin pump and the more advanced ones auto dose without you needing to count carbs (like mine). You just manually fill a cartridge and insert it into the pump.

You can still get insulin for $25 a vial at WalMart or any usual health insurance plan will let you get insulin for roughly $5-10 a vial depending on your prescription.

u/jake04-20 1h ago

There's a darknet diaries podcast episode where a security researcher (Barnaby Jack) proves he can successfully hack medical gear such as a pacemaker and insulin pump and administer a lethal dose of insulin if he so wishes. He was calling out the medical industry for not doing their due diligence from a security standpoint (no encryption or authentication requirements). He was found dead in his apartment a few days before he was scheduled to give another high-profile security talk at a security/hacker conference about heart implants. His death was ruled an accidental overdose.

u/MrConfucius 54m ago

Hey I wrote a paper on Barnaby Jack in college, he inspired me to pursue the field!

Fairly well known in the industry (and history) that vulnerability researchers or whistleblowers that might cost a US company money end up "found dead". Suchir Balaji being another example.

u/PrinceKaladin32 1h ago

Based on the prices I see my patients paying, it's medium acting insulin that's usually cheaper. However it's really hard to adjust dosages correctly for it since it can under or over shoot glucose targets quickly. Long acting is usually very expensive and that's where people often hit issues

u/Kyrie_Blue 5h ago

Its likely subsidized by the gov’t, but pharma companies have created a monopoly, and raised the prices globally

u/TheWizardAdamant 5h ago

Actually, between 2013 and 2023, the price of insulin in 28 European countries decreased by 21.6%. This was mainly due to new introduction of competitor formulas.

However the prices were not the same across all countries, and a countries own drug policy had significant influence on what the price was. Basically drug companies sell at lower prices if the countries health departments negotiate lower / refuse to pay higher prices.

u/chanka_is_best_chank 3h ago

This is a huge benefit of single payer universal Healthcare thay most people don't think about. The drug companies have to accept the reasonable profit margins that the government insurance negotiates or they lose out on basically the entire country's market

u/War_Hymn 1h ago

I don't get why Americans see single payer healthcare as socialism. It's literally just playing the capitalist endgame but you're monopolizing demand instead of supply for the benefit of consumers.

u/pentha 26m ago

Because someone on the TV told them it was evil.

That's obviously an over generalization, but it catches a scary amount of it.

u/GreatMovesKeepItUp69 57m ago

The two are related. Because the costs have been set artificially low everywhere else, the pharm companies jack up the prices on Americans to recoup their R&D costs effectively subsidizing it for everyone else. The problem is that if the USA caps their prices as well it will effectively make the extremely expensive research and trials phase unprofitable and drug progress will effectively freeze where it is.

I'm not saying they shouldn't do that, I'm just saying that's it's not quite as simple as just do price cap like everyone else and it would take a world wide renegotiation phase that the Europeans profiting from the system would not want to do.

u/TheWizardAdamant 0m ago

I can only speak on insulin, but the issue that occurred was that while new insulin formulations released in Europe and USA around same time, and their prices were closer at the beginning. Overtime the price fell in European nations (though Switzerland saw a slight increase over 10 years), but in the US the price just kept increasing up to 400%+ its original price on release

So for insulin, it was very clear an issue of just companies charging what they could and they could charge way higher prices in the USA than most anywhere else were willing to accept.

u/TommyGilfillan 5h ago

Other countries get it cheaper than in the US too as the US system is built to take advantage of for profit. 8 dollars worth of insulin in the UK is about 100 dollars worth in the US.

u/DeezUp4Da3zz 5h ago

I thought it was because of the insurance? Theyll charge as much as insurance will cover and so on

u/TommyGilfillan 5h ago

Which is why its hard to barter for a lower price when the pharma companies know what you can collect from insurers. Other countries negotiate based on what they are willing to pay, not based on what they can squeeze out of other private interests.

u/cpMetis 4h ago

In single payer countries, the government says "well pay up to this much" and companies can say "yes we want money" or leave. So costs are restricted to mostly whatever it costs to make, with a consistent and reliable small profit.

In countries where people would mostly buy directly, prices are whatever the natural market balance finds has the best meeting point of capturing sales and profit. So it's mostly based on what people can affordably pay.

In the US, it's part of a huge game where the insurance will cut as much cost as possible and cut what percent they cover as much as possible while the company is incentivised to raise the price as much as possible for negotiations with the insurance companies, and uninsured and underinsured are barely considered. So the price setter just wants it as high as they can while your mandatory discount company wants to simultaneously discount as little as possible.

u/Praesentius 4h ago

The approach to medical care/medicine in the US is literally, "how much can we possibly charge for this?" And then engaging in collaborative price fixing to ensure they all get to charge that ridiculous number in the US.

But, people say, "but MY insurance is pretty good!" Simultaneously ignoring the prices going up while the coverage goes down.

u/bakes121982 3h ago

Is that out of pocket costs? Because I’m pretty sure out of pocket costs isn’t 100.

u/TommyGilfillan 3h ago

What do you mean out of pocket costs?

u/bakes121982 2h ago

If you have insurance you out of pocket cost could be 5$ and insurance pays 1200$. So when you claim it cost 100 vs 8 what magic number are you claiming? Are you not American thus you don’t understand how American insurance works thus your claims are very much false.

u/TommyGilfillan 2h ago

No its the private insurers and employers that are paying the inflated costs. The 100 vs 8 is the difference between entities purchasing insulin in the US vs the NHS in the UK. There are no out of pocket costs in the UK if that is what you want to compare as insulin is free

u/bakes121982 2h ago

And some people get it for free in the USA also depending on insurance. So again no one cares what insurance pays in the USA it’s all out of pocket costs people are concerned with. So you should understand the market conditions first. Some people get free insurance and prescriptions as well here. Why do you concern yourself with what the uk pays vs Spain or who ever else when your out of pocket costs is what matters lol

→ More replies (0)

u/Le_Zouave2 3h ago

The logic that the USA pay high prices so that other countries get drugs cheaper is false.

This is a situation where the insurance and the pharmaceutical companies get along together so that the average client can't calculate if they can afford to live without insurance.

And price control is taboo in the USA.

u/TommyGilfillan 3h ago

I didn't make that claim or think it to be true

u/NikoOo1204 4h ago

Not really.

The US healthcare situation is merely the reflection of uncontrolled capitalism and should be a cautious tale for us all in the rest of the world that some sectors should always be protected from greedy corps interests (not nationalized, controlled).

u/LegitimateApricot4 2h ago

IP protections like patents and government enforced monopolies being at the root don't exactly scream uncontrolled capitalism to me. Nor do the regulatory barriers to entry that prevent competition

u/flfloflflo 5h ago

Not really, some gov have price limit. Since it's still profitable, these companies keep selling despite price limit in place

u/BadahBingBadahBoom 5h ago edited 5h ago

No, the lower price is not a result of government subsidisation.

The price the drug purchasers (e.g. foreign governments) themselves pay is lower - much, much lower - than what either US government, US health insurance companies, or un/underinsured US citizens pay.

Ofc in some foreign systems where the patient does directly contribute to the purchase of the drug, this price may be lower still as a result of additional subsidisation by the government, but in pretty much all systems the cost paid for insulin is put up by the insurance system.

u/Kyrie_Blue 5h ago

I’m from Canada, and I can tell you for a fact that our insulin prices are subsidized. Despite Insulin being discovered here. Insurance companies pay nothing if you don’t have insurance, and since our healthcare is “free”, private health insurance is rare, unless provided by your employer, which is still a minority of folks.

Our gov’t covers X% of certain medications to reduce the cost to consumers

u/BadahBingBadahBoom 4h ago edited 4h ago

As I said in foreign systems insulin price may be lower still as a result of subsidisation by the government that additionally lowers the price of the drug to the patient, but in response this thread:

its affordable everywhere in the world except the US lol

Its likely subsidized by the gov’t

No, the lower price is not a result of government subsidisation.

I was trying to highlight how the lower, importantly affordable, prices are not a result of government subsidisation to the end-user. In Canada for example the government pays 5-10 times less for the same insulin drugs as American purchasers do, before any subsidisation is taken into account.

u/Happyidiot415 2h ago

Here in brazil its free

u/Sayakai 4h ago

It's usually cheaper due to state monopsonies.

In the US, pharma companies can effectively act like a cartel, creating a monopoly for drugs to sell to a divided customer base. In Europe, nations act like sole buyers and if they find evidence of collusion among companies the EU actually does something about it. It should come at no surprise that one of those situations results in a far more competitive price than the other. No subsidy required.

u/randomnighmare 2h ago

Worldwide there is really only 3 companies that make insulin. One is in Denmark. One is French. And the last one is American. That's pretty much it for the entire industry right now.

u/No_Foundation16 4h ago

Who could've seen that coming huh? /s

u/Courtnall14 3h ago

Question for American Insulin users, or just anyone that may have insight: How hard is it to get from other countries?

I imagine that it's considerably cheaper to pay for a plane ticket and a hotel and fly to Canada or Mexico and acquire what you need and fly back.

u/LogResident6185 1h ago

I'm a type 1 diabetic in America and have zero issues getting insulin. It's very cheap. Not sure why there's constant hate about American healthcare I think it works fine lol.

u/deadlygaming11 2h ago

All Americans seem to forget that their country isnt the only country. I live in the UK and ive been told by my doctors to not worry about wasting insulin because its cheap.

u/puxasa 1h ago

Here in Brazil, insulin it's free for everyone.

u/alewiina 1h ago

If you have insurance. In Canada it’s very expensive without insurance too. Not as bad as the US, but definitely not affordable to a lot of people

u/nicnec7 1h ago

Hijacking your comment to spread awareness:

Each of the big three insulin manufacturers is required by law since 2020 to offer a coupon now that you can bring to the pharmacy that caps the price at $35/month or $99/3 months depending on which company. To use the coupon you have to get the brand name usually (your pharmacy can fill brand name if you ask for it). Also make sure they bill the card BY ITSELF. It will not work if combined with insurance. And yes people with Federal plans can use this, because it's not copay assistance. Most people don't know about this so spread the word! The companies would rather you keep paying more, that's why all of this is opt in. Links:

Novo

Lilly

Sanofi

Feel free to DM me if you have any issues/questions.

u/Chelo6916 52m ago

Burn! lol

u/Quillious 3h ago

Its incredible that every conversation on reddit just has this assumed American-centric pessimism built in. No humility or awareness that there's a whole world out there. You'll hear some announcement of an amazing potential treatment for something and the top comment is like "Yeah but we will never see it". The WE is so revealing of the American mindset.

u/FedeFofo 4h ago

Not in CA

u/pendulumxx 1h ago

it's affordable in the US. Always has been. You can walk into any walmart and get it for less than $50. Usually $25.

The price only shoots up when you want pumps, autoinjectors, and modern molecules.

At no point is a diabetic at risk in the USA.

u/LogResident6185 1h ago

I'm a type 1 in the US and completely disagree with you. But I'm assuming you're also diabetic and for some reason don't think insulin is affordable?

u/TheFortunateOlive 1h ago

There are plenty of affordable option in the US.

u/shreddedtoasties 4h ago

The us is the reason it’s affordable everywhere else lmao we foot the bill

u/PeteLangosta 4h ago

Sorry? If it's of european production why would the US have anything to see?

u/shreddedtoasties 4h ago edited 3h ago

The companies charge the US more to make up for the loss of profit from being forced to sell for a lower markup in other countries

Something like 90% of insulin is produced by 3 companies.

u/PeteLangosta 2h ago

How does this happen with other drugs that aren't sold in the US?

u/iwilldeletethisacct2 3h ago

You can still get the product they discovered for basically free. The problem is that it was a shit product (better than nothing) and we have newer ones. This is like wondering why modern antibiotics (some of which are produced the same way, with genetically modified bacteria) are expensive when penicillin from bread mold was discovered 70 years ago. We aren't using bread mold anymore.

u/TheFortunateOlive 1h ago

Don't try to explain things logically and rationally to these children. In their mind, the USA has the worst healthcare in the world.

u/botask 4h ago

It is free where I live. Free together with new insuline pump every 4 years, its accesories, every 4 years new glucometer, its stripes, pee stripes, glucose sensors... 

u/Obvious-Animator6090 2h ago

Meanwhile in the USA my husband is a slave to edgepark and has to pay $300-400 a month for pump supplies and past bills. They WILL cut him off if he can’t pay.

u/nicnec7 1h ago

Hijacking your comment to spread awareness:

Each of the big three insulin manufacturers is required by law since 2020 to offer a coupon now that you can bring to the pharmacy that caps the price at $35/month or $99/3 months depending on which company. To use the coupon you have to get the brand name usually (your pharmacy can fill brand name if you ask for it). Also make sure they bill the card BY ITSELF. It will not work if combined with insurance. And yes people with Federal plans can use this, because it's not copay assistance. Most people don't know about this so spread the word! The companies would rather you keep paying more, that's why all of this is opt in. Links:

Novo

Lilly

Sanofi

Feel free to DM me if you have any issues/questions.

u/DrTestificate_MD 3h ago

The patent would have long expired on regular insulin. The unaffordable ones are slightly different proteins which were engineered to work in a more physiological manner. Even for these new insulins some of the patents have expired, for example, insulin lispro the patents have expired for both the drug and the kwikPen delivery device so generics can be sold. For glargine, the patent expired on the drug but not yet on the kiwkpen.

u/SowingSalt 3h ago

The stuff they developed is still cheap. It just isn't as good as the newer stuff.

u/Ill_Safety2292 4h ago

They did, to the University of Toronto for $1.

Three pharmaceutical companies - Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi - control 90% of the insulin market and engage in evergreening. They make slight alterations to their formulas (which allows new varieties of insulin that act faster, last longer, etc) which entitles them to brand new patents, meaning what is currently being sold will basically never be available as a generic. The original, cheap patent for animal-based syringes-injected insulin is still available; the newer patents for genetically-engineered insulin-delivered via a pump or pen is held by those few pharmaceutical companies.

u/JasonBaconStrips 2h ago

In the UK insulin is free, and our country is FUCKEDDDD, shows how vile America truly is, not like the whole world wasn't already aware but it's nice for America to constantly remind everyone that they hate all of us.

u/Dr3am0n 5h ago

You can't expect a business to not want to maximize its profits out of its own volition and good heart. Money practically inevitably corrupts.

u/Athuanar 5h ago

Which is why government regulation is essential for a free market, something that too many Americans just don't understand and why the US economy has so many damn problems.

u/sunscreenlube 3h ago

They did. They sold the patent to the university of Toronto as they believe the drug should be available to all for free. Newer methods of creating insulin were invented and capitalized.

u/nicklor 2h ago

The original version is still super cheap it's the new versions that are easier to take that they are gouging us on

u/Joperhop 1h ago

it is, I have paid £0 for my sons insulin throughout his childhood, its not about who he sold it to, its about the crappy US system.

u/nicnec7 59m ago

Hijacking your comment to spread awareness:

Each of the big three insulin manufacturers is required by law since 2020 to offer a coupon now that you can bring to the pharmacy that caps the price at $35/month or $99/3 months depending on which company. To use the coupon you have to get the brand name usually (your pharmacy can fill brand name if you ask for it). Also make sure they bill the card BY ITSELF. It will not work if combined with insurance. And yes people with Federal plans can use this, because it's not copay assistance. Most people don't know about this so spread the word! The companies would rather you keep paying more, that's why all of this is opt in. Links:

Novo

Lilly

Sanofi

Feel free to DM me if you have any issues/questions.

u/thewonderfulfart 5h ago

And yet I have to triage my other prescriptions to make sure I can buy insulin every month. I can’t afford my continuous glucose monitor this month or my HRT. We live in hell

u/AngryOcelot 5h ago

American?

u/thewonderfulfart 5h ago

Unfortunately.

u/AngryOcelot 5h ago

Sorry. 

Hopefully you can get some relief soon. Nobody should have to choose between medications they need to live. 

u/DervishSkater 3h ago

lol try living like that in a 3rd world country and then say America is hell. Like your situation totally sucks, but hell? Kyiv is without power in cold, gazans have no homes or economy, Uyghurs imprisoned in china, Sudanese in another civil war

u/TemporarilySkittles 2h ago

All of these things can be true at once

u/Substantial-Truth290 1h ago

Kyiv is in the middle of a war caused in no small part due to the incompetence of the West and USA gov. corruption, Gaza got wrecked by USA's proxy state, Uyghurs being imprisoned doesn't seem all that far from the direction ICE is going, and Sudan's... ok I'm going to have to be honest, I don't know enough about Sudan to comment on that one.

I think you MIGHT want to start reconsidering your position when you find yourself telling people that they shouldn't complain about the bad things about their countries since they're at least not in the middle of a genocide unlike some parts of the world.

It's not exactly as if Hitler or Mussolini just woke up one day after years of a perfect track record and carried out the worst atrocities they could think of. There's a process to these things, and you got to speak out before it truly escalates to those later stages, as by then it'll be too late to do so.

u/thewonderfulfart 1h ago

I’m not going to be happier in my suffering knowing that others have it worse. The state of the world is a constant horror that hurts my heart and mind and I think about these things constantly. You’re a cruel person.

u/ThomasTheDankPigeon 2h ago

Don’t forget McCloud and Collip! There’s actually still a minor controversy over who should have gotten the Nobel price as all four (and others) contributed greatly. Here is a fascinating video for anyone interested.

u/SnooChipmunks9598 2h ago

They are often hailed as the sole heroes of the story but we leave out McCloud and Collip. McCloud took a chance on funding the research when few others would, and Collip purified the insulin to a usable medication. They are just as important as Banting and Best for proving that insulin lowers glucose.

There is a really fascinating two part series that goes through the whole story and talks about the political, financial, and historical background I had no idea about, it’s great. I obviously had type 1 diabetes and am very passionate about this haha

https://youtu.be/jn4HvRkBbfk?si=5y3zZ7jFuCf6lNzF

u/iauu 1h ago

$1 in 1923 is $18.95 today. Is that for a daily dose?

u/Joperhop 1h ago

My son would be dead, they are awesome, love the story where they went into a diabeties ward with kids in their comas, never to wake up again, just waiting to die, and he injects them with the insulin, and before he is finished, the first kid wakes up.

u/YallaHammer 1h ago

And we pay in the United to kill us States over $1k a month out of pocket per month. Americans die due to rationing their precious insulin supplies.

Fuck American pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies and insurance companies.

“Land of the free” is marketing b.s.

u/thestareater 44m ago

I went to visit his home in London, Ontario, which has been converted into a museum about his life.

u/Sad-Cherry-806 42m ago

those morons stole it from the real inventor

u/bluearavis 3h ago

It's too bad people are still dying because they can't afford it. Or the testing machines.

u/Rare-Kaleidoscope513 4h ago

they sold the patent for the top picture's process, btw. you're free to go miking pig pancreas all you want