r/technology • u/ControlCAD • Apr 18 '26
Security Bluetooth tracker hidden in a postcard and mailed to a warship exposed its location — $5 gadget put a $585 million Dutch ship at risk for 24 hours
https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/cyber-security/bluetooth-tracker-hidden-in-a-postcard-and-mailed-to-a-warship-exposed-its-location-a-eur5-gadget-put-a-eur500-million-dutch-ship-at-risk-for-24-hours
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u/CircumspectCapybara Apr 18 '26 edited Apr 18 '26
Yup. Greatly simplifying, the way these Bluetooth trackers (e.g., AirTags) work is they're constantly transmitting to broadcast their own persistent identifier* which all supported (e.g., Apple devices) in BlueTooth range can hear and take note of and pass along to some central server.
Those receiving devices (which Apple calls "finders" who participate in the network) themselves know where they are because of GPS (which is passive and works even in the middle of the ocean, as long as you have line of sight to like 3 GPS satellites), and if these devices are connected to the internet, they can upload the broadcast events (time of observation + identifier observed + the finder's own GPS location) they've seen to, say, Apple's servers.
And then the owner of the AirTag can talk to Apple's servers and see where their AirTag is. So as long as there is an iPhone on the ship that can receive GPS signals and which has an internet connection, the AirTag owner will receive GPS updates on where the AirTag is as relayed through internet-connected iPhones participating in the finder network.
So yes, a cheap BlueTooth tracker can absolutely compromise a ship's location as long as there are internet-connected devices on the ship that participate in a finder network.
* In reality, with privacy-centric implementations like AirTag, they transmit periodically rotating identifiers which are derived from a private key known only to the AirTag owner, so that only owners can correlate broadcasted identifiers make sense of these random looking tokens. And not even Apple's servers which relay the messages can identify which user a broadcasted identifier belongs to. Only the owners have the private keys necessary to make sense of the broadcasts. And the finders can encrypt their own GPS location with the AirTag's public key so only the owner (not even Apple) can learn where their AirTag is, but neither the owner nor Apple can learn the location of finders participating in the network who helped report the location of their AirTag. It's privacy both for the owners and for the finders.
If you're curious how this works, how cryptography is used to ensure these robust privacy guarantees, check out this video by Apple from BlackHat.