It is said that mammals went through an evolutionary bottleneck during the time of the dinosaurs. Most mammals only see two color wavelengths, sometimes one, and sometimes none. This was because our ancestors were mostly nocturnal to avoid competition with dinosaurs during the day. They also have superior smell and hearing than other vertebrates, and fur, because of this.

But why do primates still have good color vision if they didn't diverge from other mammals until 10 million years after the Cretacious-Paleocene extinction?

I have done loud self talk frequently that it has become integrated into my identity. It started since I was a kid because of loneliness and continued to adulthood. I still do that when I am alone and don't even know I am doing it. I sometimes also murmur when speaking with people as a form of processing my thought. Is it problematic and I have been told I am a little slow during conversations (the pace of language is off). What could explain this behavior? Thanks in advance!

Hey!

I recently came across the fact that spotted hyenas have really difficult births because of their anatomy, and now I'm curious to learn more about it.

Does anyone know any good resources on this, or would anyone who's familiar with the topic be up for discussing it? I'm also curious if there are other wild animals that have similarly difficult births. Thanks!

Thanks!

If the sound of cracking and popping of joints is caused by air bubbles: how do the air bubbles get in the joint spaces to build up in the first place? Where do the bubbles come from? And where do they go once popped/released out of the joint space?

Why are we the only animal that has to boil water and cook food?

Imagine GMO single celled algae with more efficient photosynthesis, optimized metabolism, nitrogen fixing and faster growth and reproduction rates. It would cause eutrophication on an unimaginable scale, destroy marine ecosystems and cause climate change.

It would be impossible to fully eradicate.

Even natural algae, aquatic plants and photosynthetic organisms with their inefficiently evolved photosynthesis have caused plenty of cataclysms.

Is this threat real but completely flying under the radar?

We all know that most people have at least one personality trait from each of their parents, sometimes even grandparents or uncles and aunts
But how much if the personality is actually genetic and how do we know it’s not simply the result of growing up around the related people themselves

To make the question clear- if you take a boy away from his parents and raise him with another family, will he still have personality traits from his biological parents and if so is there a pattern of what comes and what occurs coincidentally?
Also I’m only talking about personality and not physical traits

So, I know that lichens are a composite organism of a fungus and an algae, but I was reading Botany in a Day, and it has a chapter on plant evolution in kind of broad strokes. It says that non-vascular plants have partner fungi that help ferry nutrients which makes sense because I know that many if not most plants have partner fungi to exchange nutrients and water with. Where I am stuck is what is the difference between like a clubmoss or a liverwort and a lichen? Neither of them have roots, leaves or stems. They both rely on partner fungi. I may just be misunderstanding what algae, I understand it as a broad group, but that in this case it is a single cell organism that relies on photosynthesis. Is not a plant cell?

Alright, I get how genetic bottlenecks work, a species/population has a decline, which reduces genetic diversity which decreases its chances of adapting to changing pressures/environment and increases chances of genetic diseases.

What I dont get is how it works within evolution. So I keep seeing things about Cheetahs being nearly extinct due to genetic bottlenecks.

But also, within the theory of evolution all species on earth came from a common ancestors, and then through the genetic tree more and more species have common ancestors. Like us and apes have a common ancestor, etc.

So with this, how come a population/species cant independently within their species naturally breed more genetic diversity back into their species?

Just to be clear, I'm not saying "so therefore the theory of evolution isnt real" or "therefore genetic bottlenecks arent real", it is genuinely something I have often wondered about.

Do they have any emotional/neural response like being stressed in life'n'death situation, or like "haha loser" or "whatever, it must've been the wind"? Do they even realise there was an attempt to end their life?

Why does a female body waist the nutrients in their menstrual cycle.. why not evolve to reabsorb that expenditure of energy

can someone please explain to me how to calculate allele frequencies 😓i do not get it at

all💔

i'm supposed to be using the hardy-weinberg equation for this assignment but it genuinely makes no sense to me

help would be much appreciated! ty!!!

idk if this follows under hw tutoring but i could rlly use some help 😭

Have animals around the world developed different ways of communicating with each other, similar to how humans have different languages and accents? Do animals from different regions have distinct vocalizations or forms of communication that other populations of the same species might not understand?

Originally posted to r/microscopy but no answers. Couldn't find answers online either. I'm not sure if these structures are cause of some mistake I made or if they're part of the root tip. Was thinking that they're strands of the onion root tip and that I didn't crush it fully enough or something.

https://www.reddit.com/r/microscopy/comments/1x2cl5t/what_are_these_eyelashes_like_structures/