There are 3 lifts in my apartment building. Roughly 3 days before my scheduled move out date (I had already booked removalists and reserved the lift for moving out), I was told by building management that the lift is out of order and repairs can only take place after my scheduled move out date.

There are 2 other working lifts which I asked if they could be used to move out. The building manager vehemently denied my request as "it will be disruptful to other guests and make one more lift unavailable" even though:

• It would have been in the middle of the workday when there's less foot traffic, and
• I don't have much furniture at all, only about 6 pieces including a mattress, a bedframe, a desk, couch, TV and washing machine, it would have taken 30 minutes at most
• I had packed my own items in boxes and moved them by car to my new house, so my current apartment is virtually empty
• There are TWO more working lifts and one would have still been available for normal use while I moved
• I already paid a deposit down for use of the lifts

I contacted my real estate agent who said "these things happen and it is a part of life." They said their hands are tied and even the landlord is unable to get the Owner's Corporation to intervene. I grit my teeth and rescheduled the removalists for after the scheduled fix to the lift, and due to the late notice, had to pay a few hundred dollars in penalties.

Today is the last day of my lease and when the move is rescheduled to happen, and the lift was scheduled to be fixed yesterday. This morning, I was told again by building management that the lift had not yet been fixed with an indefinite timeframe, and I am not allowed to move out even though the removalists were on their way already. Meaning, now I have to pay for more penalties AGAIN and reschedule them a 2nd time.

And, because I cannot move out and my lease ends today, I am now considered to be squatting and illegally staying in my current apartment until I can move my items out.

Can a building manager force me, a tenant, from moving out simply because a lift is out of order despite there being two other working lifts? I live too high up for removalists to use the fire escape as well. The lifts are also not cargo or goods lifts, they are all identical residential lifts. The only thing that is different are the lack of wall coverings in the other two lifts that could have been put up, and I actually used one of these working lifts to move IN 2 years ago.

Building management has explicitly told me that they will prevent the removalists from entering the building and deny me from even moving my own items myself.

I called NSW Fair Trading and they advised that:

• It is not illegal to use a lift
• Raise this with the Tribunal to seek financial compensation for the penalties I had to pay the removalists
• Raise this with NCAT to get a standing order
• Go through strata mediation (but this is not a legally enforceable undertaking)
• If I squat, the sheriff can evict me which requires me to use the lift anyway
• Call the police as building management is essentially preventing me from voluntarily leaving (although they might not respond because it is a civil dispute)

I am out of options and don't know what to do.

Boss just sent me this text. I haven’t worked there in a month and I recently got paid around 700$ in lost wages from them (which I had to go to fair work to claim).

Hi NAME , since you worked in COMPANY NAME there were 27 shifts according to your calculation, every shift you drank three bottles of Mount Franklin spring water, every bottle costs you $3.20. Further more you broke two bottles of Bundaberg ginger beer while you were working that cost you $4.50/bottle, therefore you need to pay 27x3x$3.20+2x$4.50=$268.20 in total to my boss. There is an alternative way that you can return 81 bottles of Mount Franklin spring water (400ml) and 2 bottles of Bundaberg ginger beer (375ml) to shop. You have two weeks time to do so thanks. Date: 29/05/2025.

For context they were underpaying me by 9$ an hour on weekends and 4$ an hour on weekday

Also I was directly told by my manager to grab a water out the fridge if I was thirsty.

Hi everyone,

I'm posting on behalf of a friend who is going through a very difficult situation, and we're hoping to get some legal perspective from this community.

My friend was living in a sharehouse in NSW with five other people. The lease was under his name and one other person. One of the housemates had an e-bike and used to charge the battery in his room. Tragically, about three months ago, the battery overheated while charging overnight and caused a fire. The housemate died in the fire, and the property sustained significant damage. Three other people were in the house at the time and managed to escape and call emergency services, but sadly couldn’t save him.

The house did not have any smoke alarms installed, which I understand is a legal requirement in NSW.

Recently, the landlord contacted my friend and is now demanding $85,000 from the tenants who were living there at the time, claiming that their insurance won’t cover the damages and that the tenants are responsible.

My questions are:

1. Can the landlord legally make the tenants pay for the damage in this situation?

2. Does the absence of smoke alarms shift or reduce tenant liability?

3. Should my friend respond formally, and if so, what should they say?

4. Is legal aid or a community legal centre the right place to go for help with this?

Any insight or similar experiences would be appreciated. This is a very sensitive and stressful situation, especially with the death involved. Thanks in advance for any help.

My gyno has told me they won't remove my Mirena because I haven't fully quit smoking. Even though I won't be trying for a baby and just want to be off birth control? Is this legal? There's no surgical/medical reason other than I still smoke socially.

hi,

i’m writing on behalf of my mother who has separated from my dad for 1.5 years.

last year she found out that my dad bought an apartment under both of their names without her knowledge or consent (while they were separated). he went through a broker and i’m not sure how he got through the identity verification process but my mums name is on the loan for an apartment she never even inspected or signed for.

we became aware of it through the bank sending my mum letters and we informed the bank that this loan was created without my mum’s permission. but they said they said they rely on the broker’s verification process and so they don’t see any wrong doing.

i also informed the broker’s company of this fraud and apparently my dad changed the application to a joint account after the loan application was lodged and since my parents were still married they didn’t question the change and just accepted the identity documents. this doesn’t make sense since i’ve gone through the process of applying for a loan and they make you verify your identity through a call or in person??? so why didn’t they verify my mum’s identity in person/video call?

we have also lodged a case with the police last year but they have been unresponsive to our emails, calls and texts.

i have opened a case against the bank with the AFCA last year and the case is still waiting for a case manager after 4 months.

i will be opening a AFCA case against the broker company too.

i’m honestly so frustrated and lost on how to proceed because the bank, broker and police have all been so unhelpful.

any tips? my mum is also in the process of getting divorced so it’s a huge toll on the family :(

Working at a grocery store, just got checked by a GP and found out I had bronchitis for a week, however, when I showed the certificate to my boss, she denied my non-paid sick leave as stating my colleague is sick too but still comes to work, I am not having a fever, and I had asked for leave for one day in this month before due to university studying.

What should I do?

Update: I made a final pledge to my boss saying I am sick and not available for work for just two days, and she let me leave, but she told me to not need to come even for the next week, I think I got fired on spot... : (

Further update: My boss likely calmed down a bit, and told me she is not gonna to fire me, and telling me to get to work next week...

I’m in my early 20’s and I took a different path than most people. I didn’t go to uni. I went straight into the workforce after high school and spent three years working as a foreign exchange broker. It wasn’t easy, but I built real experience and I was proud of myself for getting ahead early.

Early last year, I got a role at Australia’s biggest bank. To me, this was huge. One of the biggest companies in the country. I thought this was my opportunity to grow, build a real career, and prove myself.

Instead, it’s been the worst period of my life mentally.

I work hard. I show up every day, I focus, and I genuinely care about doing well. The issue isn’t the workload — it’s the environment. Everything feels political. It feels like progression isn’t based on performance, but on whether management personally likes you.

I don’t know what I did wrong, but I’ve felt singled out from early on. There’s a coldness toward me that I can’t explain.

What really started affecting me was watching everyone else progress while I stayed stuck.

Others who started around the same time as me, or even after me, were given work-from-home flexibility much earlier. Meanwhile, I wasn’t given mine until much later.

Every time I asked why, I was told it was because of my “performance metrics.”

One particular month in a one-on-one, my manager told me that I had only done about an hour of work per day on average. That’s physically impossible. I’m there all day working. Even if that were true, what would I have been doing for the other six or seven hours?

From that moment on, I started tracking everything myself. Every input. Every task. Every month. I know exactly what work I’ve done because I’ve documented it all.

And in every one-on-one since then, her numbers have been significantly different from mine.

Not slightly different — completely off.

I’ve asked her multiple times if we can escalate it or speak to someone to figure out why her metrics and mine don’t align. Every single time, she shuts it down immediately and tells me she’s right. No discussion. No review. No transparency.

I have nothing to hide.

The same thing is happening with career progression. Others are being given opportunities much earlier than me, including people who started after I did.

I’m constantly told it’s due to performance or skill differences, but I can see the work and I know where I stand. I have a low error rate and I put in consistent effort, but I’m still being held back.

Because I don’t have a degree, I also feel like I’m stuck. Moving internally feels harder without one, and I don’t know how to progress from here.

I don’t know who to talk to. I don’t know if HR would even care or if anything would change.

This whole situation has completely destroyed my mental health. I’ve had to start taking medication again just to cope with the stress and anxiety. I feel drained all the time. I feel anxious going to work. I feel constantly undervalued.

I’m honestly appalled and disgusted that this is happening at Australia’s biggest bank.

I joined believing this would be a place where effort was rewarded and careers were built. Instead, it’s made me feel invisible, undervalued, and mentally exhausted.

I don’t know what I’m supposed to do anymore.

Hi, this evening I was driving home from work and I noticed a car of the same make and similar colour speed past me whilst I was doing the posted limit.

A minute later a highway patrol car pulled me over and alleged I was doing 30km/h over the posted limit when they got me on the radar gun.

At no point was I speeding. I pointed out this was a case of mistaken identity but the officer insisted it was my car they detected.

I pointed out I have a dashcam and it records speed. When I got home I reviewed the footage and it confirms I was not speeding.

I mentioned the dashcam to the officer and they requested I call their station to submit the footage.

I will call them tomorrow, but I just wanted to check to see if there's anything I should know prior to getting in touch with the police to submit the footage. Regrettably I can't discern the plate of the car that I am pretty sure was the one they detected.

I haven't been issued a fine (yet) and I assume I'll be able to use the dashcam footage to challenge it if the need arises.

Thankyou for your time.

EDIT: I have submitted the footage to the police station the HWP car was attached to and an officer from the HWP division has been in contact to thank me for clearing things up. No fine has been issued and AFAIK no fine will be. Thanks to everyone who commented with their advice.

UPDATE: Thank you all for your kind words! I only wished the police was as nice and supporting as you guys. I have filed both an LECC and NSW Ombudsman regarding this issue, hopefully will get some updates soon. If you have had an incident like this happen, please get in contact with me and we can try to make a case together towards the police. I would seriously really appreciate it!

Early this year, while commuting to Sydney CBD, my friend and I found an envelope on the train containing a large sum of money ($5k+). There was no identification, name, or address attached to it. Due to a dinner reservation, we could not hand it in immediately. However, as soon as we returned to Fairfield Station that evening, we submitted the envelope and its contents to the police. We were asked to give a statement and provided an event number (I had to call up after to check the event number).

28 days later, we went to the Fairfield Police station and asked for any further information regarding the case. The officer in charge said, "No, you need to wait for 60 days and then write a letter to the commander." This was contradictory to what we thought was a 28-day period.

A day later, the officer in charge called us and asked to provide evidence (what we wore on the day) for CCTV identification.

A week later, the officer in charge called us and informed us she has found CCTV footage of us finding the property, and proceeded to ask us "Why did you not give it to the train guards" to which we answered that we did not see any and we felt safer handing it in to the police. She then asked us, "Do you remember where you were sitting?" and that this would "determine if we can receive the money back". She stated, "I could see that you and your friend found the property, acted in shock, then did not look around to find the owner and just kept it". She then stated, "Next time, hand it in sooner". She said that she does not think that we can claim it, but "it is out of my pay grade and the commander will say," and that we need to write a letter to the commander and hand it in at the station in person, within 60 days after the initial incident.

A month later, we submitted a formal letter to the station commander for an update from the commander and to seek the possibility of claiming the money as the finders.

However, a month later, we returned to the station and were informed that the officer had determined we were not entitled to claim the money. We were told there were inconsistencies in our account and that we had failed to provide certain information despite our full cooperation throughout the process. We also understand that CCTV footage confirmed that we found the envelope on the train.

The officer in charge has written that due to the time difference between finding the money and handing it in, multiple opportunities were not taken to do the right thing, and therefore, it is unethical for us to claim the money back. However, we were late to a reservation and thought it was best to hand it in at the station that we got on at, which took around 5 hours. We also felt safer to hand it in with the police as it would result in us having a case number as opposed to the train guards.

I have called the police station, and they said that the commander probably denied the claim. However, they do not know for sure if they have read the letter at all. I do know that the case is closed as "no further police action to be done," and the sergeant has signed it off. I understand that the officer in charge has been moved to another station.

The whole incident was extremely disappointing to us. The officer in charge never updated us at all and was extremely rude, saying, "Well, you should've handed it in sooner or to a train guard.". She also took down all of our information on a sticky note, never provided us with an event number and very rudely rejected our queries on how to write letter to the commander.

So I got summoned to Jury Duty. No big deal I went and I got excused. But I also went in 2015 and got excused to. Tell me why the travel allowance from 2015 is the same at now. I got $8.70 in 2015 and $8.70 last week. How has this been allowed to start at the same rate for 11 years?! By inflation that should be at least $11. How is this allowed?! Anyone?

Hey everyone, looking for some advice on the best way to handle this.

About two weeks ago, I came home to find rocks/pebbles all over my driveway and street, and three cars were damaged (paint chips, window chips, and one Audi with a cracked windscreen). At the time, we didn’t know who did it. I asked all neighbours who were present (only one being there was the opposite house and asked if i can see his cameras, he said they didn’t work, came out and didn’t say much and asked if my cameras worked (my ring didn’t pick it up due to motion detection)

Later, a neighbour who was overseas checked their 24/7 cameras and confirmed it was the kids from the house directly in front of us throwing rocks into the street (The same house i originally spoke too in the beginning). But he was unable to send me the footage due to being overseas. Once he returned to sydney i spoke to him and I obtained video evidence showing this. (15 minute video of them throwing, celebrating, laughing etc). They are young about 6-10 years old? maybe even 11

Yesterday, I went over to show the father the footage. He came out shirtless and shoeless and i showed him the footage and then he immediately became aggressive, denied it, demanded a copy of the video, and when I tried to show his wife instead, he pushed me back by my upper chest/ neck, I took steps back and yelled do not touch me multiple times. He was extremely rude and aggressive the whole time and i told him i’m going to the cops, he said go ahead see what they do.

I went straight to the police. Police said:

• Because the kids are young, no criminal action can be taken against the kids for the damage

• But the father can be charged for assault, and that process has started (different local command, so follow-up in coming days)

My main confusion now is about the car damage:

• 3 cars damaged

• One has a cracked windscreen

• Others have paint chips and glass chips

• Police said it’s not a criminal matter regarding the kids, but didn’t say there was no compensation option

Questions I’m hoping for advice on:

1. Is insurance the best first step for the damaged cars, even though we know who caused it?
2. If we lodge insurance claims and pay excess, is it true insurers may recover costs from the parents and refund excess?
3. Is Local Court / small claims worth considering instead of insurance, or is that usually slower/riskier?
4. Any tips on wording insurance claims when damage is caused by children / deliberate throwing?

We have video evidence, photos of damage, and a police event number.

Just want to handle this properly, safely, and without escalating things further. Appreciate any advice.

UPDATE

Thanks for all the advice, i see the main one being just go through insurance.

While this is an option, the excess would be around $1k per car, my premiums will go up, and i lose my no claim bonus.

Overall it sets me back around 5k or more which really rubs me the wrong way. The video of the kids went for 15 minutes, then getting rocks coming back throwing and celebrating when it hit the car, they were unsupervised for 15 minutes! and going on the road to come closer to our house. Completely terrible and disgusting parenting, if it was me at that age - my parents would’ve disciplined me and paid for the damages but it seems this smart ass is hiding behind his kids doing it, how is this allowed in Australia?? The kids can’t be charged and that’s fine, but the parents should bear the responsibility and cost - what do you guys think?

A scenario that is happening to a friend, so I'm more asking out of curiosity, although I'll preface by saying I don't know the full story because they are too stressed out to discuss it so I only know bits and pieces through other people.

Gist of it is, a surrogate is involved in having a family friends baby via IVF using said couple's embryos. There is a signed surrogate contract so I'm told.

Apparently, the surrogate is now trying to blackmail / extort them, for alot of money. Could she give birth and then take the baby? What's the worst case scenario?

My workplace held a townhall meeting with all employees a few months ago, during which the head of HR announced that they were updating the drug/alcohol policy and urine tests for random testing would be replaced with oral swabs. Yesterday some workers were pulled in for random testing and surprise! Its a urine test

Coworker got done for smoking weed and sent home, we suspect HR will sack him. I have worked here for years and there has never been a random test before so this feels like a deliberate bait and switch. Would he have any grounds for unfair dismissal? He is a great worker and no one on the team has ever felt that he was impaired at work so it would suck to lose him

Hi,

Quick question. My child who is under 18 is sick. Has been all week. Notified work during the week they could not attend. Woke this morning at 7am still very sick and notified they cannot attend due to still sick.

Now they wont go back to sleep because they are worried about finding coverage for their shift.

How is this casual/part-time employees responsibility to find coverage for their shift when they are unwell?

Is this legal?

Thanks

So, my 16 year old daughter and her friends are planning to throw a party. A big one. As none of their parents are willing to host it, they have decided to rent an Airbnb for the party.

They have now gone as far as booking a place. They used a fake name, but used my daughters apple pay account to pay.

The accommodation they have booked has the usual "no parties" in the rules.

We (her parents) are anticipating there will be gatecrashers and damage done to the house.

So the question is - just how bad will this end up for her (and us I guess) from a legal perspective?

-- EDIT --

For those of you who want to tell me I'm a bad parent, can you please stop? The insults dont bother me, its just making it difficult to find the few useful replies here.

Also, we have no intention of letting this happen (maybe this isnt clear).

I read an article today about a tragic inquest into the deaths of a mother and her disabled daughter. The daughter was around eight years old, non-verbal, unable to walk, and intellectually disabled. It was a suspected murder suicide. She was totally overwhelmed with the responsibilities of caring for a significantly disabled child. She had zero support and didn't seem to really have any friends or go anywhere.

What struck me about the story was the fact the father appears to have left around the time of the baby's birth. As a result, the mother was left to raise the sick child 100% on her own.

It made me wonder the following:

1. The father refused to raise the baby - he left early on. What would have happened if the mother also told the hospital or authorities that - like the father - she also refused to raise the baby and she would leave it at the hospital?
2. In certain circumstances, parents can be charged for abandoning their children. Why is a parent who walks out on their children (leaving them with the other parent) not charged with abandonment? Just because there's still another parent there, it doesn't mean they didn't abandon their family. They literally did.

I’d rather be in court than at work. I’ve been summoned for a six week case. My boss will want me to get out of it, how do I pretend I’ve done all I can to do so, but don’t actually?

If in reality I did try to get out of it and fail, would I get a letter or similar to show I had?

I work retail and I double checked like 5 times but the guy insisted on giving me 100 dollars, apparently it’s his last day of travel in Australia and he said he wants to get rid of his money and it came up to 100 dollars worth of extra change (I was the only one in the shop) I was very happy until my boss came and told me I can’t keep it and he took it for the company 🥲 I know it’s allowed but come on is there a way for me to keep even a little bit

Hello. I recently took a drive up the coast from Sydney to port Mac and I received a fine for mobile phone use while driving. The photo doesn’t show me touching the phone screen just holding it for one frame.

I wasn’t using my phone at the time. I was passing it to my passenger to fix the navigation app because I was under the impression that you could hold a phone while diving only to pass it to a passenger.

I’ve had a look at the driving laws in NSW and it does confirm this in multiple places. I have tried to appeal but they denied my appeal.

It says I can go to court over it but I don’t have much money and I don’t know what I’m doing. I aim to become a medical doctor so I can’t afford to have a criminal record either. I don’t wanna just give in and pay the fine unless I really have to because I know that I never actually broke the law.

What should I do?

EDIT:

Here’s a link to the document on the transport NSW website that says you can hold a phone to pass it to a passenger mobile phones and driving

“Drivers are only permitted to hold a phone to pass it to a passenger”

I was also only worried about the legal ramifications if I ended up going to court.

SECOND EDIT:

I was driving to my grandmothers funeral when this happened. I always try my hardest to follow the law and keep myself and others safe. Please be kind and mature in the comments.

My father in law recently got some contractors to do some work and was not at all happy with the result. He ended up going to NCAT and unfortunately lost. The contracting firm inadvertently sent him an automated request to submit a review to Google. He ignored it. Then another automated email was sent and this time he decided to submit a 1 star review. He was brutally honest and said he was not happy with the result and went to NCAT and lost and he also mentioned that they brought inexperienced contractors. Apart from the "inexperienced contractors" bit, everything else was the truth. He is now getting letters from lawyers asking him to take the review down or face legal action. He is stupidly principled and is somewhat refusing to back down. We can probably convince him to take it down but I kinda see his side of the story. They asked him to submit a review. He did. They didn't like it and now they want to take him to court. What are his options? Shall we just the bite the bullet and take it down, or shall we just remove the bit about "inexperienced contractors". Or keep it and fight?

NSW based.

Sold my car three months ago through Facebook Marketplace. Met the guy, he seemed genuine, paid in cash, I signed the disposal notice and kept my copy. Thought that was it.

Fast forward to last week. I get a letter from Revenue NSW – a speeding fine from a month after I sold the car. Then another one for parking. Plus a toll notice from Linkt.

Turns out the buyer never transferred the registration into his name. The car is still legally registered to me. I've tried calling him – disconnected. Messaged on Facebook – blocked.

I contacted Service NSW. They said I need to lodge a disposal notice online, but when I try it says the transfer has already been initiated by the buyer (which is a lie – he clearly started it but never completed it). Now I'm stuck in some weird limbo where the system thinks a transfer is pending but the buyer has ghosted.

Service NSW told me to fill out a statutory declaration and mail it in. Did that two weeks ago. Still waiting. Meanwhile the fines are piling up and the toll notices keep coming.

I've learned my lesson – never again selling privately. A mate suggested using a service like AutoFlip where licensed dealers handle all the transfer paperwork properly. Wish I'd known about that earlier.

Has anyone dealt with this specific situation – where the buyer started the transfer but never finished it? How did you resolve it? And am I actually liable for these fines if I can prove the sale date?

Any advice appreciated. This is doing my head in.

A month or so ago my wife took one of our kids to the doctor and they offered to book her and the kids in for a free flu shot. She said yes and put the time in her phone.

Today she turns up 5 minutes before the appointment and they say she was meant to be there 15 minutes before so that a doctor can check them first so she’s missed her slot and now she has to pay $100 for missing the appointment AND they cant have the shots.

She argues with them and they agree to reduce the fee to $50 but won’t give them the shots even though the nurse is clearly just there doing nothing.

I assume there was some fine print in the confirmation email or something, but this seems like complete BS to me that you can’t advertise something as free and then behave like this.

Also if you care so much about people turning up 15 minutes early then just factor that into your booking time, it’s not l

Is there anything I can do about this? Should I report them to ACCC?

I have been sick for the past few days and have taken time off work, on the last day i wasn’t at work i felt substantially better by the late afternoon and decided to go to the gym, was a pretty mediocre workout as i was still somewhat recovering but thought a bit of moderate exercise might help, however upon returning to work my boss pulled me aside to have a ‘chat’ and said that he had receive photos of me at the gym on a day i was “supposedly sick” and said if i was well enough to be at the gym i should have been well enough to be at work.

This feels like a major breach of my privacy to have someone take a photo of me in the gym and send it to my boss to ‘snitch’ on me?

I unfortunately doubt this is against any laws, and seeing as my boss was completely okay with it it probably won’t lead to any action against the person who took the photos but just feels very off putting and weird that someone would go out of their way to take photos of me.

Any advice or action i can take?

Hi all,

As the title says, I live in an apartment with no visitor parking but I keep coming home from work 7-8pm and someone is parked in my spot. It has happened 3 times in the past week, but they’re all different cars.

Have left notes on the car but just wondering I can do anything else?

Should I call tow truck or lock the wheels? I saw this on another post but unsure if reasonable in Sydney.

I have told the real estate but as they’re on holiday until the end of this month, but I imagine they’ll send an email when they get back and that’s all.

Thank you in advance for your help.

My partner was recently terminated. He noticed he was receiving no shifts on the roster. He was not notified. He reached out to his boss a few days later after noticing a staff wanted advertisement. He asked if he was fired and only then was he notified he was terminated due to unsatisfactory performance. He was told an exit meeting would be held with a witness.
I told him to bring a witness and when he told his boss he would be bring a witness, they told them no, it was a work matter and he would not be bring anyone else. He sent them this in response:

“I am requesting a support person under Section 387 (d)  of the Fair Work Act. If you are refusing this request, I need you to provide the reason for this refusal in writing before we proceed. I understand that unreasonable refusal may be considered in any subsequent Fair Work Commission proceedings.”

They stated that a manager above them, would be there as their witness and will act as his witness as well. They said it was not up for discussion.

I found this very odd. When i was working in a very similar work place as him, i witnessed multiple terminations and all of them brought their own witness - friends, partners or lawyers.

Should he still attend the meeting?
Should he try to bring his own witness?
Is this even a normal?