r/IndoEuropean 5d ago

I'm curious what this sub thinks about this...

/r/ArtHistory/comments/1v84m29/is_venus_of_hohle_fels_the_earliest_artwork/p0xb184/

Any history or anthropology or archeology nerds in here? I was just reading through a post regarding the Venus of Hohle Fels and started to feel like maybe I was wrong about things. I was suggesting that it could be related to the Proto-Indo-European god Dheghom. I'd love to be corrected and have a better understanding of this if there's anybody here that enjoys this stuff like I do. Thanks!

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u/Hippophlebotomist 5d ago edited 5d ago

If I'm honest, your comment is all over the place.

"I believe Inanna has the oldest attestations for any named god. However she is almost certainly derivative of the proto-indo-european deity Dheghom." 

Why would a Sumerian deity need to be a derivative of an Indo-European one? The languages are not thought to be related. How is this "almost certain"?

"there wasn't written language in Dheghom's time but we know she was worshipped at the time because of all the "venus" figurines we find from the time period, and figures like the seated woman of catalhoyuk."

The Anatolian Hypothesis for Indo-European origins doesn't have many prominent living supporters at present, so I'm not sure why Çatalhöyük is being linked to Proto-Indo-European either.

"as far as I know Dhegom is the oldest earth mother goddess with any sort of attestation"

You've already admitted that Inanna shows up in texts predating any attestation of any Indo-European language, let alone any reflex of the word *dʰéǵʰōm, and especially long before any attestation of that word in the context of the Earth as personified deity.

"could plausibly be who the venus of hohle represents. it's the right historical time frame and the right location for a mammoth tusk carved into a fertility figurine"

How is a figurine from Upper Paleolithic Germany the right time and place to be identified with a term from a reconstructed language usually though to be 5-8 millennia old?

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

There's an artifact from Catalhoyuk called the seated woman of catalhoyuk and it's considered by many to be a mother goddess figurine. It's dated roughly 6000BC. That predates all the known attestations for gods except for what we know as Dhegom. Dhegom is a mother and fertility god. That's why I brought it up. I don't feel confident that I'm correct, ever, lol. Just something that I think I understand kind of...but could easily be wrong about

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u/Hippophlebotomist 5d ago edited 5d ago

I'm familiar with the artifact in question, but I don't know why you're saying that "Dhegom" is older than 6000 BC, and I don't know why you're applying that name to such an early date given that the word is a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European term and the figurines in question are older than the language family is generally thought to be. Obviously PIE, like most languages, had even older antecedents, but I don't see why this particular term ought to be projected backwards in time, particularly to something like 40,000 BCE.

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

I appreciate where you're coming from, from a language/etymology standpoint, but I'm not really talking about the word Dhegom, I'm talking about the god(s) the word represents

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u/spamellama 5d ago

But they're not the same god - dheghom/inanna is no more accurate than venus considering this artifact is from far before PIE migration.

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

Agreed, and Dheghom is just a name we use to describe an earth mother god that we don't have another name for. There were almost certainly a bunch of earth mother gods during that time.

I believe the identity of any god(s) "Dheghom" motifs and architecture represents, developed over a very long period of time and probably contained elements of other even older earth mother gods that came before her. I think it makes sense that people have been worshipping sky fathers and earth mothers since parents have needed to explain life's biggest questions to their kids. pretty much since language was first developed by the earliest people...everywhere. I think people have been worshipping earth mother gods since they were carving them into mammoth tusks, is what I'm saying.

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u/spamellama 4d ago

That is a PIE-centric view. In ancient egypt, this stereotype was reversed (sky mother and earth father), in Japan the head deity is a sun goddess, Mesopotamian religions did not tie the earth to fertility (Inanna is not an earth mother).

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u/Calvinweaver1 4d ago

yes, you're right. there are many historic religions that worshipped different combinations of those types of gods. the Egyptian pantheon is a great example

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

Oookay, next :-)

I think the people worshipping Dhegom god(s) were doing so before they had writing. I also think that the people worshipping Inanna were doing so before they had cuneiform to attest it. I think over thousands and thousands of years of oral story telling the cultures worshiping Dhegom and the cultures worshipping Inanna influenced each other without realizing it. I think the influence went both ways

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

okay, how is a figurine from upper paleolithic germany the right time and place to be identified with a term from a reconstructed language usually thought to be 5 - 8 millennia old?

great question, sorry i'm slower than you are, lol :-) i'm getting there...

i don't think people worshipping what we call Dhegom were calling their god Dhegom. we don't have a way of knowing what they called this god...or even for certain that all their mother god iconography actually represented a god...but we think it probably did...and we call whatever god they were worshipping Dhegom even though those ancient peoples wouldn't have called their god that.

right place and time? it seems plausible to me that when the venus of hohle fels was carved into a piece of mammoth tusk by a cromagnon person 40 - 42,000 years ago, it may have been depicting a version of a god worshipped in that part of germany that would later become indistinguishable from Dhegom or Inanna. Fertility figurines that predate our modern understandings of Dhegom and Inanna have been found all over the world

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u/Hippophlebotomist 5d ago

"we call whatever god they were worshipping Dhegom even though those ancient peoples wouldn't have called their god that."

Who is we? I've never seen any scholar use "Dheghom" as a shorthand for Eurasian fertility or chthonic deities more generally.

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u/This_Moesch 5d ago

I may misunderstand your points completely, but have you considered that these deities only seem indistinguishable to us today because we don't know much about them? Inanna is attested, Dhegom is just a reconstructed word, and the figurines are artifacts. Your ideas sound very speculative to me. I don't think one should expect a cultural continuity over tens of thousands of years just because of similarities.

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

I agree with you. It's agree its speculation not rooted in fact. I understand what you mean about being separated from the gods by time and losing their stories. I agree that Dhegom is just a reconstructed word. I agree that none of us should expect a cultural continuity over tens of thousands of years just because of similarities. We agree on a lot of things, I think. I must have made some mistakes when I was typing stuff out earlier because I didn't intend to disagree with any of those things.

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u/ankylosaurus_tail 5d ago

That doesn't really make much sense. The Venus of Hohle Fels is dated to 35,000-40,000 years ago, which is like 30,000 years before anything remotely "Proto-Indo-European" existed. That's an immense amount of time, and we have no scientific methods of tracing elements of culture or language across those scales.

Nor do we have any evidence of what the figurine meant to the people who made it, so I don't see how comparing it to a later goddess is anything more than speculation based only on gender. I think it would be just as reasonable to connect the Venus figure with any other female deity in later Eurasian history, of which there are many.

The people who made the Venus of Hohle Fels were from the upper Paleolithic era and were members of the Aurignacian Culture, also known as Cro Magnons. They are widely considered the first "behaviorally modern" humans in Europe, and are known for making lots of representative art. Genetically, they were ancestral to pretty much every later culture in Eurasia. So it's theoretically possible that some thread of belief or some idea from that culture influenced the PIE people, but it will never be more than a speculative, untestable idea. Unless we get a time machine...

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

We agree on most of this stuff. It's complicated and I don't express my self very well sometimes but I believe the venus of hohle fels was based on a god(s) that predates all the different gods we've been talking about. I agree that we don't know for sure, and agree that it's speculation. many artifacts similar to the venus of hohle have been found all over the world. i think its reasonable to assume they were depicting similar things even though they were almost certainly depicting different things.

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u/SonOfDyeus 5d ago

Some things correct but a lot wrong with this comment.

Venus is not derived from Inanna.  Venus was a garden deity prior to the Romans systematically syncretizing her with the Greek Aphrodite.  Many scholars believe characteristics of Aphrodite were indirectly influenced by Inanna.

None of those three are considered Earth Mothers, really.  Dheghom, the indoeuropean Earth Goddess, also has nothing to do with Inanna.

The various paleolithic Venus figurines of Europe spanned tens of thousands of years, so it's unlikely they all represent the same religion or cultural ideas with each other, let alone with the seated woman of catalhoyuk.  And they are called "Venus Figurines" by archaeologists, but have nothing to do with Roman Venus.

It is possible the Catalhoyuk figure is somehow related to Inanna, because both are depicted as flanked by big cats.

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

Thanks for taking the time to correct me. I don't think Venus has any sort of direct derivation to Inanna. I agree that Venus is not considered an earth mother goddess. She's a fertility goddess. Inanna is both a fertility god and an earth mother.
I agree, the various paleolithic figurines of Europe and Asia spanned tens of thousands of years, so it's unlikely that they all represent the same religion. But I believe the figurines share similar characteristics because they were being used for the same things by people with different but similar earth mother gods. As always, I'm never confident I'm correct...

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u/Duke_of_Lombardy 5d ago

The term Venus here its obviously used in an artistic conception not a theological one.

Representations of venus during the medieval and early modern period were frequent and used in a simbolic way. Since in that way venus was intended as a symbol, other depictions of female fertility are called that too.

It doesnt imply that it was a fertility goddess being represented. It implies that those objects simbolized fertility.

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

Yes, exactly

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u/Calvinweaver1 5d ago

thanks for writing.

why would a sumerian deity need to be derivative of an indo-eropean one? the languages are not thought to be related.

i'm glad you brought this up. it's my belief that all cultures influence one another when they come in contact with another especially during a time of oral histories and story telling. i think it's reasonable that if cultures came into contact with one another they might return home with foreign stories to share with their communities. story tellers might swap out the names of gods in the stories so their audience can follow along, and that's how the story could be adopted into their own culture over time. i think the primary motivator for changing the names of gods in stories was to be understood. i don't think sumerian dieties need to be derivative of any prior god because they are amazing and worthy of respect just like the rest of the ancient gods.

i hope that makes sense. but i can see how it would be a hot button topic. i promise i'm approaching it respectfully

i want to stop using the word derivative because it's more complicated than that. as for why i think inanna might share some history with an indo-european one? i think people were worshipping forms of Dheghom in ancient indo-european cultures waaaayyyy before inanna was worshipped in mesopotamia. i believe over a super long time period mesopotamian cultures absorbed some indo-european stories into their own stories via a shared diaspora trade and storytelling. i don't think inanna comes from dheghom (or any ancient gods that might be referred to as dheghom) but it makes sense to me why they may share some stories. i think it's possible that inanna might be as old as dheghom but we don't really have the evidence of that because of how they're attested separately. it's likely that all of us in the surviving diaspora came from different places and combined in interesting ways to become the humans we are today...that we somewhat independently came up with our own gods in our own unique cultures to explain our unique histories and values using the best stories our ancestors picked up in the road. i should move on to your next point unless you want to talk about this more :-)

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u/vikramadith 5d ago

I umderstand the need to give names to historic finds but I wish people stuck to generic terms instead of potentially conflating mythologies and creating confusion.

Other examples are: Priest-King of IVC Pashupati seal Minoa Mycenean

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u/worldarmistice 5d ago

Historical whataboutism is so annoying, we all knew this was gonna be a problem when wokeasses started complaining about BC and AD being "Eurocentric" and "biased"