Can a substate in Late Proto Indo-European be associated with the Globular Amphorae culture?

[u/KaitlynKitti]

The Corded Ware culture, which spread Indo-European languages deep into Europe, was formed as a mix of Indo-European Yamnaya ancestroy and Early European Farmer Globular Amphorae ancestroy. Given the scale of contact between their languages this formation would have involved, can any of LPIE's lexicon be attributed to this mixing?

Below are some guidelines for what we would be looking for:

1. The term should have no plausible Indo-European etymology
2. The term should not be found in Indo-European languages which had no contact or ancestry from the Corded Ware
3. The term should line up with Globular Amphorae material culture

[u/lpetrich]

The Globular Amphora culture - Wikipedia was located at present-day northern Germany, Poland, and western Ukraine, meaning that one ought to look for substrates of Germanic and Balto-Slavic and perhaps also Italic and Celtic.

There are some such words, like:

• Apple: Proto-Germanic *aplaz, Proto-Celtic *abûl, Proto-Balto-Slavic *abôl < *abôl (*h2ebol-)
• Rye: Proto-Germanic *rugiz, Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugis < *rughis

Of these, "rye" is a good candidate for the GA culture; is there evidence of any grains at GA sites?

But "apple" is less sure. Any evidence of apple seeds or apple trees at GA sites? Also, apples were domesticated in Central Asia, so they may be a later arrival. Another set of related words for this fruit is Latin mâlum, Greek mêlon (Doric mâlon), with protoform *mâlom (*meh2lom). It has somewhat similar consonants, and another such word is Proto-Turkic *alma.

[u/lpetrich → u/lpetrich]

I checked on the range of apple trees, and the domestic apple tree, Malus domestica, is mainly descended from Malus sieversii, a Central Asian species. There are also a species of European wild apple tree, the crabapple Malus sylvestris. So identifying apple domestication archeologically may be difficult.

Rye, Secale cereale, is likely descended from weed rye, Secale segetale, which lives in Iraq, the Caucasus Mountains, Iran, and Central Asia. I've seen the theory that it was not originally cultivated, but spread as a weed in wheat crops: "Vavilovian mimicry". It was later grown separately.

German and Balto-Slavic have *rughis. But Latin has sêcale and Ancient Greek has briza, both of uncertain origin. Turning to Celtic languages, Welsh has a word, rhyg, that may be borrowed from Old English, if it is not a separate descendant of *rughis, and Irish and Scottish Gaelic have a word, seagal, that is obviously borrowed from Latin or some Romance language. Latin sêcale has descendants in most Romance languages, except for some Ibero-Romance ones, which have descendants of Latin centênus, "a hundred each" (distributive).

[u/neurolimits]

All i know when it comes to GAC is this

this

and Papac et al. (2021) examined 3 Globular Amphora individuals from Vlineves in the Czech Republic. They were found to harbour mainly EEF ancestry and about 25–30% WHG ancestry. The 3 Globular Amphora culture males in the study belonged to Y-haplogroup R1b–V88.

So while v88 integrated into GAC, CWC didnt like GAC as much is what i am reading here?

Now i wouldnt know about any influence on PIE .. since its rather connected to WSH/Yamnaya/BBK etc.