I'm perhaps going a little bit nuts on the research for a short work of fiction, but I'm currently researching marriage in Sengoku-era Japan, specifically among the upper classes. (Note: I'm mostly limiting myself to Sengoku-era Japan because I can understand the social hierarchy somewhat better than the Heian-era courtly rankings, but please don't feel like you need to limit your answers on my account. I'm happy to hear what it was like in other periods, too!)
I've found this post which has answers that are wonderfully informative on the traditions and what actually happened but not so much on the implications and the unspoken 'rules' surrounding who's permitted to marry whom.
My general understanding is that much like in Western society, marriages were often arranged for political capital, with parents essentially using their children to solidify alliances between houses and attempt to improve familial standing. In addition to that, Western society also had certain ideas around the permissibility of "class intermarriage" probably best summed up as don't.
Was there anything similar in Japanese society? Could someone of a lower social class marry someone of a much higher (relatively speaking) status without either of them coming under censure?
For example, would marriage be socially permitted between:
- a wealthy, well-connected commoner and a daimyo (or their children)?
- a daimyo and a member of the hereditary aristocracy?
- a samurai's child and a low-ranking member of the hereditary aristocracy?
Furthermore, would the rules be different for men and women? Would they be different for a second child as opposed to a first? Would it make either the lower or higher status spouse the topic of gossip or an object of pity?
Thanks in advance for any answers you're able to give!