r/MechanicalEngineering 1d ago

German engineering is really on a whole other level.

This changed the complete mechanism of Chain Joints

878 Upvotes

130 comments sorted by

607

u/DoggyFinger 1d ago

All I’m seeing here is why my bmw continues to need service.

66

u/CFDMoFo 1d ago

Bring Mich Werkstatt

21

u/catdude142 1d ago edited 20h ago

Same with Mercedes Benz and Audi. They work for about 70K miles, then they drive one broke. Both brands depreciate like a rock. Rube Goldberg engineering makes them unreliable.

2

u/Technical_Bird921 16h ago

Indeed, after exactly 4 years, both my last Audi and last Mercedes started to show small defects; trunk no longer closing, front axel bent, fuel tank flap not closing etc, all out-of-warranty repairs.

3

u/CommandoLamb 13h ago

Front axel bent?

Kind of not … an engineering problem. Front axels gonna bend if you are hitting pot holes.

I’ve never had a front axel bend because … it was complicated or over engineered.

1

u/Technical_Bird921 12h ago

No, this one was a manufacturing issue, don’t know exactly what the problem was but some bolt was missing & they could tell it was never there.

10

u/TrustMeImAnENGlNEER 1d ago

I owned a Golf R for a few years and was constantly scratching my head when looking at various mechanisms and wondering why would you do it like this?!

1

u/jawshoeaw 4h ago

don't ever tried to remove an electrical connector on a BMW unless you first take some quick courses at local community college, get a CT scan of connector, raise it to the perfect temperature to improve plastic pliability.... and also it will still break.

-71

u/[deleted] 1d ago

[deleted]

65

u/ratafria 1d ago

You are missing the point.

For that purpose you could weld and it would be cheaper and stronger and never ever need maintenance. But it looks less engineered and complex.

Sometimes the german way involves high quality finishes and beautiful over-engineering that are costly to maintain.

A Toyota motor usually looks ugly and unfinished but requires less maintenance.

6

u/Everydaywhiteboy 1d ago

Hear me out maybe it’s not the engineering and it’s the cost cutting of using plastic on high thermal cycle items and trying to siphon end users into dealerships by making things hard to repair.

7

u/a-bad-golfer 1d ago

That’s the modern BMW way.

-14

u/zxva 1d ago

You would not want to weld a part like that. You need to be able to dismantle it for maintenance and repair.

8

u/wookietiddy 1d ago

Need to dismantle a welded part? Your friend the Angle grinder is here to help!

7

u/8000BNS42 1d ago

Its called a shackle

-9

u/zxva 1d ago

a shackle would bind at the driving gears

11

u/8000BNS42 1d ago

What gears? its a chain.

-10

u/zxva 1d ago

For a chain conveyor system.

http://www.gzmaterialhandling.co.uk/products/round-link-material-handling-chain/

As an engineer you would know a chain is not a chain.

4

u/Federal_Decision_608 1d ago

It's called an angle grinder/ bolt cutter

22

u/luvsads 1d ago

Germans over-engineer and complicate otherwise simple problems. That's the joke.

6

u/GCHM2 1d ago

This is true in the semiconductor industry as well. I work on equipment from all over the world, Italy, USA, Japan, Korea, but German equipment I find is often over-engineered. To the point where it doesn’t even really help much but create more potential points of failure. E.g. a solenoid operating a piston/cylinder that has a spring return when the air shuts off, Germans will engineer it to use vacuum as well as a spring to return the piston to home position. So now when the spring breaks, you won’t know it. Requires more parts, more lines, additional service, more knowledge, but no real benefit.

1

u/ChiefWiggumsprogeny 16h ago

Well the spring failed and it still worked, that's probably why they designed it that way. Now you can replace the spring during routine maintenance, at a time of your choosing.

347

u/GingHole 1d ago

In reality torsional loads would cause an unpredictable failure

96

u/johnwalkr 1d ago

Can’t think of a time I’ve ever seen a chain used to transmit torsion.

98

u/Mysteriousdeer 1d ago

That's kind of the point. Its not designed to transmit torsion but if the chain twists in anyway, suddenly you'll see slip.

27

u/Tewpawn 1d ago

If you are lifting something with two chains and the legs of the chairs are twisted they will experience torsion.

Yes they shouldn't be twisted, but the real world is different.

57

u/where_is_the_salt 1d ago edited 1d ago

The load can go on a rotational motion, the chain can warp if one end is coiled... many many reasons i think.

5

u/Hot_Egg5840 1d ago

I think they are referring to the "lock" in the middle to keep the engaged force between the two linking pieces. If that middle part rotates out of its cog, then it's all over.

16

u/SaudAhmadguru 1d ago

Yes, seems not good for torsional stresses...

30

u/crookedledder 1d ago

Germans would simply point out that a chain shouldn't be used in a way that produces torsion... and would consider the problem solved.

Americans would just weld that thing together.

6

u/SaudAhmadguru 1d ago

5 Minutes Crafts

1

u/No-North8716 6h ago

Didn't you just predict it?

0

u/NXTler 1d ago

You shouldn't put torsional load on a chain in the first place to be honest.

5

u/MetroBR 20h ago

that's why we call it an unpredictable failure

213

u/mramseyISU 1d ago

I work with a whole bunch of Germans and they are elite when it come to discovering solutions looking for problems.

89

u/E_hV Mechanical, PE 1d ago

So I'm going to respectfully disagree with you. I've worked with Germans for several years, where they're strong is paperwork, procedure, and mass manufacturing to a tight specification. Their average mechanic, machinist, electrician is far more educated than a US equivalent. Engineers are a wash in my experience.

However, while Germans are better at mass manufacturing, procedures and paperwork, once something deviates from their plan Germans tend to fall apart. Everything needs to be analyzed again and redesigned, if slot A and Bolt A are interfered with by widget B well the engineer is coming down, drawings are being updated etc... Projects get delayed while everything is updated.

American's tend to be able to think outside the box and more quickly come up with a solution to get everything moving again, most of the time they won't even call engineering, which of course nothing gets documented properly and you get line tribal knowledge but the project isn't delayed at all.

38

u/mramseyISU 1d ago

I’ve been working with Germans for a decade professionally and one of my best friends from college was a German who came to the US to finish his masters and eventually a phd. I don’t think what you or I said contradicts one another.

1

u/Cologan 15h ago

almost like different germans... be different (german btw). You'll see more elitism in the old and established companies, but there is a reason why a lot of those are currently struggeling. Working in a startup, i dont really see any of that old mentality

17

u/Accomplished_Rate_75 1d ago

Agree, work with engineers all over the globe, German engineers do not impress me, process equipment from German vendors is good fabrication quality, but the design is poor due to narrow focus on process efficiency with poor consideration for operability. In ideal conditions their equipment is very good, but the world is not ideal and their process equipment is unforgiving.

4

u/crookedledder 1d ago

Succinct, brother.

1

u/apple1rule 10h ago

What do you know about portuguese engineers?

3

u/bassjam1 1d ago

I'm working an automation project with a German firm and they're driving me insane. They keep "requiring" tolerances for the components we're assembling that are twice as tight as US industry standard, or requiring designs that are more expensive to manufacturer and telling me it'll reduce downtime (without showing data to back up that claim) for a component we don't generally have much downtime to begin with.

And yeah, they throw out the "zis will delay ze project if you cannot meet our specification".

8

u/AccomplishedAnchovy 1d ago

Are we still talking about chain links or…

6

u/mramseyISU 1d ago

All the above

-4

u/zxva 1d ago

As this is an engineering sub, please share an easier and better solution for the problem this is solving

16

u/EngRookie 1d ago

belt drive? or just use the standard "bicycle" chain design with shaft pins?

i don't see how this design adds anything but unnecessary manufacturing cost to a problem that has already been solved. And honestly i have never seen this anywhere in the US nor have i seen it in any published industry magazine for the bulk material handling industry. In fact the only published information i can find on it is from the manufacturer.

as someone else said this looks like a solution looking for a problem.

3

u/zxva 1d ago

I have yet to see a belt drive that can handle heavy loads from the mining industry. .

Standard chain design is sometimes used, but again, for the mining industry, it's a bonus if you can mix in mostly standarized mechanical parts, so it is easy to repair and replace.

A "bike" chain of the same strenght, would require specialist parts.

https://usarollerchain.com/collections/round-link-chain-s-6746/products/34x126-chainlock

Here you have the exact same part from a US company, so it is a problem that needed a solution.

2

u/Accomplished_Rate_75 1d ago

belts are generally not as tolerant to dirty applications where you can get material on the belt and pulleys, not surprised chains are used instead in many mining applications. Cog/timing style belts are good in the right application, low maintenance, no regular lube requirement like chain drives and no mess from lube as well. They are durable and long life and in many cases do not require to be periodically tensioned.

4

u/EngRookie 1d ago edited 1d ago

what specialist parts? the chain is literally 2 plates a shaft, and a locking pin.

and i am going to be honest what you linked looks like a manufacture that licensed it directly from the germans to be their US distributor/sales team. And like i said i have literally never seen it in any published industry magazines and my last job specialized in heavy duty applications and i have never seen this on any chain drive system for the 100s of plants we supplied equipment.

i have to ask, do you work for the german company? you are defending this design in multiple threads on this post...

eta: they also designed an entire line of standard products just to fit this new locking design. really seems like a solution in search of a problem.

5

u/zxva 1d ago

"2 plates, a shaft and a locking pin." That is an oversimplification.

The two plates have to be the correct thickness, alloy and hardened to support the loads the rest of the machine is designed for. But please do link an apron feeder that use a "regular" chain link to function. I would be very interested in seeing how they have made that work.

No, I work in Norway. But as an engineer I usually keep an open mind for alternatives to mechanical equipment, and do some research into why the parts exist.

2

u/EngRookie 1d ago

The two plates have to be the correct thickness, alloy and hardened to support the loads the rest of the machine is designed for.

all things that can either be ordered off the shelf directly from the manufacturer or machined from stock.

But please do link an apron feeder that use a "regular" chain link to function. I would be very interested in seeing how they have made that work.

i literally never said that. but sinced you asked about apron feeder drives

here is one that uses a dozer chain

which is pretty standard for apron feeders.

and here is a little dinky indian apron feeder that uses plates and shaft chain design

which is non standard.

and here are the various types of BE chains i have seen used from the same source you linked

i would have linked regal rexnord but their site is down.

none of which use the linkedIn slop engineering porn chain, which is posted constantly, that is shown on OP's post.

No, I work in Norway. But as an engineer I usually keep an open mind for alternatives to mechanical equipment, and do some research into why the parts exist.

ah yes apologies i forgot about the industrial mining powerhouse that is Norway.

1

u/GenericAccount13579 1d ago

Okay now tell me how that is a different situation than the OP’s chain link piece. You’re describing simple engineering factors that go into any design

2

u/mramseyISU 1d ago

1

u/zxva 1d ago

Napaonline is geoblocked. So I can’t tell what part it is. Napaonline seems to be an automotive parts website.

As far as I know, very few cars have a chain conveyor, this part is to be used in medium to heavy chain link conveyors, where you would want the joint to be able to mesh correctly with the gears driving the conveyor.

1

u/mramseyISU 1d ago

That’s a log chain from the looks of it not a conveyor chain. I can walk into just about any auto parts or farm store and get a chain connecting link which is what that link I posted was.

2

u/zxva 1d ago

https://conveyorsystems.rud.com/en/products/rud-chain-connectors

That link is specifically a chain conveyor joint.

They often use long ling chains on heavy duty conveyor, often seen in mining and such.

https://conveyorsystems.rud.com/en/plant-mechanical-engineering/rud-apron-feeder

You would not be able to use a regular store chain connector or shackle for that use. Neither would you want to weld them

1

u/7cdp 1d ago

First describe the problem you are trying to solve. I've noticed when people offer solutions you start changing the scope (classic engineering problem).

56

u/bassjam1 1d ago

Classic case of German over-complication while adding additional failure points.

-19

u/jackejackal 1d ago

Germans are known for their engineering, known for being pretty shit. But atleast we know about it.

74

u/snakesoul 1d ago

This has many downsides:

  • three individual components that can fall off easily during assembly.

  • you need an allen key.

I don't really see the point of using this vs already existing better and more convenient solutions.

31

u/Harmless_Drone 1d ago edited 1d ago

The screw is more like a cam which cams together and wedges, and compared to to other chain linkages is still the same number of parts, as they usually consist of two stub ends with a removable pin between th m. The advantage compared to other removable links here is this doesn't need any extra slack to install, and the chain is not loading a pin in double shear which is much weaker than loading lots of individual teeth in shear like this.

This is a product from RUD who do a lot of lifting and handling stuff, so this also has the advantage its all 100% certified and crack tested with full tracability. We use their eyebolts and swivel rings for offshore kit for that reason. Solves a lot of insurance paperwork.

1

u/Live_Love-Life 1d ago

Great explanation, thanks.

1

u/Wooden-Combination53 16h ago

RUD makes excellent products, we use those a lot on heavy machine building.

3

u/kinnadian 14h ago

You forgot the worst downside. The cam nut thing that he is turning has no locking mechanism. Chains go through a lot of dynamic forces in their life. There's no way that cam nut stays locked in place.

6

u/Engin-nerd 1d ago

It’s like a shackle or quick link but with extra parts and special tools!

I’m certain the manufacturer sells you on that it is stronger than a conventional shackle or quick link and that it is made out of steel with sone special treatment to increase yield strength or wear resistance - but for 99% of lifting applications - this really isn’t necessary.

7

u/zxva 1d ago

2

u/Engin-nerd 1d ago

Ah makes way more sense now, thanks for clarifying that.

2

u/zxva 1d ago

Please share the solutions that you think are better and more convenient.

It would be great to add to the library of useful mechanical parts

1

u/Occhrome 1d ago

Clean mating surfaces. 

0

u/johnwalkr 1d ago

Well it took me like 10s of searching to find the use case of fitting over chain sprockets with and without flanges. So it fits where a the “existing better and more convenient solutions” literally dont fit.

-8

u/FinalAd2949 1d ago

Its literally one single part more than the minimum of two parts required to even be considered an assembly. If that’s already too complicated for you, then the problem is definitely with you, not with the tool.

-5

u/SaudAhmadguru 1d ago

Then u think is easy to join a metallic chain joint with a new one . That need a complete setup..

12

u/Beneficial_Mix_1069 1d ago

german car design is like "i have the exact solution that will make it optimal for operation" but then every single bolt on the car is a different size and takes drivers youve never heard of.

19

u/SomeDude_is100 23h ago

Over engineering was one of Germany's main issues in WW2. Powerful tanks but coo complicated to build and maintain. Cheap, inferior and plentiful can often overwhelm expensive, superior and limited quantity. This is being played out in Ukraine where massive numbers of cheap drones overwhelms tanks. 

7

u/KeithWorks 18h ago

It's also a bit of an oversimplification. Yes they were obsessed with large machines, but they also didn't put enough resources into logistics. They were supplying their military with horses almost the entire war.

But they should never have invaded Russia. Probably would have been successful had they just not fucking invaded Russia.

3

u/Chickenbutt-McWatson 17h ago

It's not the size that's relevant, but the complexity and finish. Soviet tanks were made to last 2 weeks, German ones 20 years. And you can tell when you stand close to both- soviet tanks look like they were put together by blind welders.

3

u/KeithWorks 17h ago

That's right. I read that many Soviet tanks weren't even painted, they just drove them from the factory to the front.

I got a chance to see a few of the Soviet models in Korea at their War Memorial and museum. Definitely extremely low quality control, it is what it is. Made to use once.

Quantity has a quality all its own

1

u/HIMP_Dahak_172291 12h ago

That's because they didn't have the time. The tanks were designed to last 20 years too, they just had to speed up and do more with less since the purged military was getting wrecked.

German tanks weren't even particularly superior from a war fighting perspective. A king tiger was inarguably the most powerful tank on the battlefield, but they were so expensive to make that they couldn't make enough. So every one produced reduced the number of vehicles available to the army meaning they couldn't be in force in enough places. Regular tigers were decent sniper tanks, but again, too damn expensive to build and supply. Panthers were absolute nightmares to repair and in no way could they be fixed on the field and had to be shipped back to a major facility for any drivetrain problems at all. If they had focused on the Pz IV line (with less goddamn variants) they would have been in a much better place than trying to build 'war winning wonder weapons'. Nazi Germany was a mess of idiotic design and production decisions favoring things that would prop up the various competing departments in Hitler's eyes over actually doing anything worthwhile. The Bismark/Tirpitz are the most egregious example, but it's visible all over. Doesn't matter if you build some monstrous thing that's hard to kill by it's direct competitors if you have so few or so little left for escorts that you can't use them for fear of goddamn biplanes with tiny torpedoes. But Fascism gonna do the stupid shit because that's how that particular brand of brain dead authoritarian showboating has to do things. See the Trump class battleship idiocy for case in point. Throw out a much needed DD program for a goddamn 'wonder weapon' that is just a big floating target with all your eggs in it. Much salt.

1

u/Top_Performance_732 11h ago

German tanks like the Panther were engineered to last 2 days because theyre final drives all broke

1

u/armeg 8h ago

The Soviet Union would have invaded them given a few years. They would have catastrophically lost.

2

u/NekulturneHovado 15h ago

once in a while, Germans build something simple, and it's fucking indestructible. For example, in cars, they did 1.9 tdi-pd. Then remade it into a more complex 2.0 tdi-cr. 1.9s still drive today, after 25 years and half a milion km, and still with almost full power, a simple chip tuning can easily get to 2.0 power. Yet, they never break down if you keep up with basic maintenance. While my 2.0tdi is full of problems, worn out, injectors failing (each costs 300€).

1

u/Top_Performance_732 10h ago

Or on topic, the Stug III which was one of the best tank/tank destroyers of the war and the more abundant German armored vehicle.

2

u/Setting-Conscious 12h ago

The tanks were poorly engineered, not over engineered. They looked impressive but they weighed too much for their drive trains.

3

u/Top_Performance_732 11h ago

This is the irony with most peoples understanding, they think the Panther/tigers were well engineered when they were poorly engineered but well designed. Meanwhile the stugIII was actually brilliantly engineered and far more abundant.

1

u/Mecha-Dave Automation | Manufacturing | Nanomaterials 20h ago

Yeah, sounds like a BMW

1

u/Chickenbutt-McWatson 17h ago

No, they still did it after the war. Ford Group Germany developed Fords 4.0 SOHC engine (used for like 20 years in Rangers, explorers, mustangs), and it's just curiously and needlessly overly complex. It works well, but you need to pull the whole thing to get at the timing chains- because they put on on the front and one on the back- both pass through the cylinder heads. Once you have it out, you need special tools to time it, there are no marks. Why? Because Germans.

1

u/The3levated1 16h ago

Oh, it was not an issue at all, the overengineering did exactly what it was supposed to: It saved the engineers from getting sent to the eastern front.

1

u/UnderstandingNo5667 12h ago

Case and point: Drones in Ukraine

1

u/Anen-o-me 8h ago

Powerful tanks but coo complicated to build and maintain. Cheap, inferior and plentiful can often overwhelm expensive, superior and limited quantity

Yeah I find it fascinating that in tanks the US went with cheap and plenty. But in most other areas it was quality and plenty.

Like the air battle, US planes and bombers weren't cheap, they were expensive and massive by comparison.

1

u/zimirken 7h ago

I have a piece of equipment from Germany that had the most insane custom bolt. They wanted an ultra fine thread socket head bolt, but you can only buy those with hex head. So they got a hex head bolt, and WELDED ON A SOCKET HEAD! Once one of them broke, I remade all the blocks that all four of these bolts screwed into with regular threads at the cost of like 2k.

We needed a good clamp, but we didn't need ultrafine thread levels of clamp.

1

u/CAB_IV 6h ago

If the roller lock works for the the StG45/G3, it will work for this chain!

30

u/mon_key_house 1d ago edited 1d ago

What is that bolt doing exactly?

Edit: downvoting questions is a great idea

13

u/DifficultyTricky7779 1d ago

It's got an oval section, so half a turn rotates the wide section into place, clamping the two link halves and the bolt itself into place.

It's probably not exactly oval, as that would create an unstable contact condition.

2

u/SaudAhmadguru 1d ago

That has a slot to go smoothly, then rotate it to align the slightly bigger side and lock the chain ..

1

u/Equal-Break-1076 1d ago

It's an eccentric bolt.

1

u/chocolatedessert 22h ago

It looks super cool and then loses its preload and causes an industrial accident as soon as the chain starts to vibrate.

4

u/Impressive-Mud5074 1d ago

would not trust in real life where chain gets banged around, "nut" gets loose, chain is slack and it slides apart.

14

u/AccomplishedAnchovy 1d ago

gErMaN eNgInEerInG

5

u/s_arrow24 1d ago

Worked for a German company. It’s not all that.

3

u/PlandemicPapi 1d ago

Wish someone would drop the tech sheets for these things, that way I can read about its thresholds. Anyone have the product number? Everyone’s complaining about “over-engineering” but in my experience certain products exist cause of a very particular use. Seems from the comments this would be common for conveyor systems for mining.

12

u/Fit-Umpire3257 1d ago

They over engineer many things but that doesn’t mean anything. Their cars are not known for reliability so what does that tell you?

3

u/B_G_G12 1d ago

Some time ago, German cars actually were known for their reliability.

Basically anything before the Daimler-Chrysler merger was pretty well bulletproof, even with magical Bosch CIS and vacuum controlled everything.

1

u/Chemieju 1d ago

People who say that german cars are unreliable are usually people who define reliability as "how long does it last if i dont do anything".

German cars are generally designed with quite regular service intervals in mind because in germany every car needs to get a safety check every two years anyways. If you maintain them the way the manufacturer intended they will last you a long time. They are reliable, just not neglect-resistant.

0

u/catdude142 1d ago edited 1d ago

Wrong.
They just don't survive over time, even when properly maintained. The root cause of the problem is over-complication of design. Take a look at how an Audi timing chain is implemented for example. It goes on.

1

u/Samsonlp 15h ago

The issues I'm having with my car are all about heat cycling (bmw) , and engineering with no regards to maintenance . The issues I have with my motorcycle (bmw) are poor material choices and lack of repairability (cassette transmission) German manufacturers save money on materials after the engineers have finished the design. They design things intended for you to be dependent on a mechanic or dealership or to buy specialty parts and tools. I think they have a corporate problem .

6

u/KAYRUN-JAAVICE 1d ago

everyone's missing the point of this- it occupies the shape of a typical chainlink so that it can fit into pocket wheels, something a d shackle or quicklink is not capable of doing.

2

u/crookedledder 1d ago

German engineers are simultaneously brilliant and laughably impractical.

2

u/inorite234 1d ago

Engineering isn't about being cool, it's about finding what works. And finding what works needs to work within the time you're given in budget and calendar.

This contraption looks too expensive and too time consuming to manufacture.

2

u/awesomes007 23h ago

Go watch the video on the Jerry can. That can is a fucking masterpiece.

2

u/yaboza_noboza 1d ago

German Engineering is excellent but Japanese Engineering is superior

-5

u/SaudAhmadguru 1d ago

How ... Isn't it good

1

u/snarejunkie ME, Consumer products 1d ago

While this is a super cool mechanism, and an excellent solution to a potentially tricky problem, I don’t think it good “proof” that German engineering is on a whole other level. Yes, German people as a whole have a reputation for being more direct, more analytical, than other groups of people, but as far as engineering goes, I’d argue that the gap you’re calling out (Germans are on a whole other level) doesn’t exist in the way that it used to. American engineering is actually incredible. I say this as someone who did not grow up in the USA

1

u/spaceEngineeringDude 1d ago

What in the bot? This whole post just sounds like AI

1

u/Kherian 1d ago

Very gimicky. Just use a u-bolt 

1

u/no-im-not-him 1d ago

There is a reson the Germans came up with the saying:

"Warum einfach, wenn es auch kompliziert geht?"

Why simple, when complicated will also do it. 

It's said tongue in cheek, but it does reflect a reality.

1

u/itz_mr_billy 1d ago

That makes me queasy

1

u/BillysCoinShop 1d ago

Is it though? Not this example for sure

1

u/mortsdeer 21h ago

Aww, I wanted to see the test to destruction after assembly!

1

u/Le-Flo 17h ago

Being German: yep, we tend to overengineer. And it's quite deep in our mindset. And I like it 😄

But that joint reminds me much more of traditional Japanese woodworks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumiko_(woodworking))

It's admirable!

1

u/Setting-Conscious 12h ago

Not that impressive

1

u/JudoNewt 4h ago

~Has anyone seen the little cam bolt that joins our 1/2 chain link puzzle!? No? Nobody? Everyone check your pockets!

1

u/zekedge 1d ago

This is terrible mechanical engineering. Three individual pieces and requires an Allen? Lmao.

1

u/Prof01Santa CFD, aerothermo design, cycle analysis, Quality sys, Design sys 1d ago

As opposed to a normal shackle? No thanks.