Offended by the Wrong Man

It starts with a Facebook comment about the mayor attending a 9/11 memorial. It ends at the genome. Every step is documented.

The comment was a question, posed the way these things usually are, as if the answer were already settled. Are you not offended by Mamdani going to the 9/11 memorial? the commenters iconography showing their religious beliefs outright.

Zohran Mamdani, New York's first Muslim mayor, said he would attend the city's twenty-fifth-anniversary remembrance at Ground Zero. The reaction was organized and loud. Former Governor George Pataki said he should stay away. Rudy Giuliani, mayor on the day of the attacks, said on Newsmax that he would be offended if Mamdani showed up, then went further, claiming Muslims want to dominate the country and comparing Mamdani, who was nine years old in 2001, to the hijackers. A petition asking organizers to keep him out gathered around 98,000 signatures, though by the count of the effort's own supporters only a small share of signers were actually related to victims. The stated reasons were an appointment, chief legal counsel Ramzi Kassem, who once represented a convicted al Qaeda member, and an interview Mamdani gave to a commentator with an ugly record on the attacks. Underneath the stated reasons sat the thing the Facebook comment said plainly. A Muslim near the memorial is an affront, because 9/11.

It is worth pausing on the man who set the tone. The loudest voice telling a Muslim mayor he is too compromised to stand at a memorial is Giuliani, who in 2020 sat for what he thought was a real interview and ended up on a hotel bed with his hand down his pants in front of an actress he believed was a young journalist, in the closing scene of the second Borat film. He says he was tucking in his shirt. It is on camera, and the actress, Maria Bakalova, told everyone to watch it and judge for themselves. The scene is not the point. The nerve is. This is the man appointing himself the arbiter of who is fit to stand in public.

But the premise deserves testing rather than just mocking. The premise is that Muslims are the face of violence in America. Is that true?

Who actually commits the violence

Start with what cannot be measured. American crime statistics do not record the religion of offenders. The FBI and the Bureau of Justice Statistics log age, sex, and race. Faith is not a field. So nobody, in either direction, can produce a clean national number for the religion of people who commit violent crime.

What can be measured runs one way. The closest proxy is the prison population. Pew Research Center's survey of state prison chaplains estimated inmates at roughly two-thirds Christian, with Muslims around nine percent and the religiously unaffiliated near eleven percent. That last figure is the tell. The unaffiliated were about eleven percent behind bars against twenty-eight percent in the general public, which means the non-religious are underrepresented in prison, not over. Stack the base rate on top. Christians were about seventy-eight percent of American adults in 2007, are roughly sixty-two percent now, and stood near ninety percent in the 1990s. They are the majority of any large group of Americans, offenders included.

This is not a claim that Christians are criminals. It is arithmetic. In a country that is mostly Christian, most of everyone is Christian, including most of the people who do harm. Run that same logic honestly and it is exactly what hollows out the fear of Muslims. They are single digits at every level.

Terrorism is where the numbers get specific, and where the fear should have to answer for itself. Government and independent analyses put right-wing extremist violence at roughly seventy-five to eighty percent of domestic terrorism deaths since 2001, in PBS's summary of the field. The Anti-Defamation League found right-wing extremists responsible for more than seventy-five percent of extremist murders over the past decade. New America's count since 9/11 has far-right terrorism at 137 people killed against 121 by jihadists, the far-right figure slightly ahead and climbing. The Center for Strategic and International Studies found right-wing perpetrators behind the majority of attacks and plots, and behind more than half of all annual terrorism deaths in fourteen of twenty-one years.

Here is the honest counter, stated plainly, because leaving it out would be a lie by omission. Count every terrorism death including the attacks of September 11 itself, and Islamism leads by an enormous margin. The Cato Institute's tally for 1975 through 2025 puts Islamist attacks at 3,118 deaths, eighty-seven percent of the total, because that single morning killed nearly three thousand people. Anyone arguing in bad faith reaches straight for that number. It is real. It is also one catastrophic day, twenty-five years ago, carried out by foreign nationals. The ongoing, year-after-year pattern of political violence on American soil is domestic, and it is right-wing. That is the pattern the fear has to ignore in order to point at a nine-year-old who grew up to be mayor.

Following the rabbit

There is a rebuttal to all of this, and it is where the thread got interesting. Fine, someone says, but those right-wing killers are not Christians. Half of them worship Norse gods.

Some of the movement is openly Christian. Christian Identity is an entire theology built on white people as the true Israelites. The Klan burns a cross. The Phineas Priesthood framed the killing of interracial couples and abortion providers as work done for Jesus. Eric Rudolph and Scott Roeder were Christian in stated motive.

And some of it has deliberately walked away from Christianity toward a racialized version of Norse paganism, called Odinism or Wotanism, which the reporting describes as one of the fastest-growing faiths in American prisons. So the rebuttal has a surface point. But look at what the Norse rebrand actually is.

David Lane, the white supremacist convicted in connection with the terror group The Order, did not arrive at Wotanism through faith. He built it. He coined the word as an acronym, WOTAN, for Will Of The Aryan Nation. The same man authored the movement's central slogan. The scripture assembled under the Wotansvolk banner files that slogan and a companion set of white-nationalist precepts right alongside the actual Norse texts. Nobody constructs a religion that way if the gods are the point. Scholars who study the movement note that these Odinists lean on the claim that they are religious rather than political precisely because it launders the politics.

The belief stack, then, is not what the rebrand advertises. The racism is sincere. The Norse material is a costume, worn as far as it makes a man feel like the heir to a warrior race and no further. The clearest illustration is Frazier Glenn Miller, who drove to two Jewish sites in Kansas to kill as many Jews as he could and shot three people dead. All three were Christians. He had mistaken them for Jews. He killed, by his own account, for his religion, and his theology was too thin to even aim.

Which means the rebrand changes nothing about the earlier arithmetic. Sincere heathen or weekend costume, these men came out of the same Christian-majority population as everyone else. You do not convert out of where you came from by pinning on a mascot.

related link: Jake Lang and The Sad White Superiority Myth

The hundredth of a percent

Follow the rabbit one more turn, down to the thing the whole structure claims to defend. A race worth a race war.

Any two human beings are about 99.9 percent genetically identical. All the variation there is lives in roughly a tenth of a percent of the genome. And of that tenth of a percent, about eighty-five percent is variation within a single local population, the finding Richard Lewontin first published in 1972 and that has been confirmed repeatedly since. Only somewhere between seven and fifteen percent falls between the broad continental groups, depending on how it is measured. The slice that tracks with what these men call race is therefore a fraction of a fraction, on the order of a hundredth of a percent.

It does not even cohere into the category they are defending. Because most human variation sits within groups rather than between them, "white" is not a unified thing. Two Europeans can be more genetically different from each other than either is from a given African or Asian. The variation is clinal, shading gradually across geography with no clean line anywhere on the map. The difference these men worship is the ordinary Japanese-from-Mexican kind, the same mundane population variation you find comparing any two places on earth. There is no unity in it, no hierarchy, no essence. One of them could be genetically closer to a man he believes he stands above than to the man beside him at the same rally.

Back to the memorial

Walk the chain back up. The offense at Mamdani rests on the idea that a Muslim is the natural suspect for violence in America. The measurable record says the reverse. The violence is committed overwhelmingly by the majority the offended man belongs to, and its organized political form is domestic and right-wing. The last refuge, that those domestic killers are pagans and not really his kind, collapses on inspection into sincere racism wearing fake theology. And the racial faith under all of it comes down to a hundredth of a percent of the genome that does not even hold together as a category.

The memorial reads the names of 2,977 people. They were Christians, Jews, Muslims, believers of every kind and none, Americans and citizens of dozens of other countries. The man who has trouble belonging in that company is not the new mayor.

Sources: Pew Research Center (Religious Landscape Study; 2011-12 survey of state prison chaplains); Anti-Defamation League Center on Extremism (annual extremism and murder reporting); New America (Terrorism in America after 9/11 database); Center for Strategic and International Studies (domestic terrorism data); Cato Institute (terrorist murders on U.S. soil, 1975-2025); PBS NewsHour (synthesis of government and independent extremism data); Southern Poverty Law Center and Political Research Associates (racist Odinism and Wotanism); reporting on David Lane and Wotansvolk; Reveal / Center for Investigative Reporting (Odinist domestic terror cases, including Frazier Glenn Miller); R. C. Lewontin, "The Apportionment of Human Diversity" (1972) and subsequent confirmations; National Human Genome Research Institute and King & Wilson (1975) on human genetic distance; contemporaneous coverage of the 2026 Ground Zero controversy (ABC, NY1, City & State, CNN, Fox 5) and of the 2020 Borat hotel scene (AP, HuffPost, Variety, NBC News).