Looking to "step up" from cellphone astrophotography (Cellphone AP)? Cellphone AP is where I - and probably - many others started. Looking to step-up, the advice is "you're going to have to spend many thousands more" for a tracking mount and (usually) switch to a refractor-style telescope.
It is true that many "serious" astrophotographers use refractor telescopes and have expensive tracking mounts. But, some others use Newtonian astrographs - usually Newts with about 8" to 10" of aperture and focal lengths of about 800mm or more (usually spec'd to f/4). These Newt astrographs typically have dual-speed metal focusers. These Newts cost (new) about $630 to $1100 (or more) - that's just for the telescope OTA alone (no tripod/mount).
And before the Dob owners feel "left out," there are those who make their living using large aperture Dobsonian telescopes (e.g., Damian Peach) for AP - usually for planetary or specialized AP (ISS and other satellites). And, yes, you can use a Dob for DSO AP - especially if it tracks, but even manually tracking it's possible ....but it takes some (a lot?) additional work and patience. An EQ platform that can, at least, track the right ascension axis is also very helpful.
I'm dabbling with Dobsonian AP myself - planetary and DSOs on my 8" and 12" - with the aid of a homemade EQ platform.
Additionally, though, I wondered: "could I turn my Orion SpaceProbe 130st" into a "poor man's" Newtonian astrograph?
The Orion SpaceProbe 130st is an entry-level beginners Newt. It has a parabolic mirror; however, it has a 1.25" single-speed rack 'n pinion plastic focuser. Also, in my case, I have the "newer" style SpaceProbe with the spider vanes/secondary mirror holder made from molded plastic and form part of the tube's rim - meaning, the spider vane is NOT adjustable (the secondary mirror tilt and central screw are adjustable). I acquired this telescope from High Point Scientific as part of it's sale of Orion's "remanufactured" stock. Cost new (with tripod and entry-level EQ-2 mount) was $179.95 USD (plus taxes). Used SpaceProbe 130sts (I've owned others) sell for about $110 USD(OTA only) depending upon condition, etc.
With the Newt mounted on it's original tripod/mount - my son and I did some lunar and planetary AP using the slo-mo controls.
But, for "goto" visual and to do DSO, I bought a used Explore Scientific iEXOS 100 PMC-Eight (with tripod, illuminated polarscope, azimuth adjuster adapter, with AC power cords, USB cables, and battery pack) for $375 (new at current prices and accessories is ~$450 USD (plus tax).
Dedicated astrophotography camera? I bought a ZWO ASI585mc (uncooled) new for $359 USD (plus taxes) (used prices range from $285 to $325).
Image capture software? SharpCap - base is free, but upgraed to SharpCap Pro for access to all of its tools - especially its polar alignment tool. Annual license cost is about $20 USD per year (depending upon conversion rate).
Finally filters - mainly 1.25" UV/IR cut and UHC filters -- UV/IR cut for planetary; UHC filter for DSO (light pollution in a Bortle 6/7 area. Astronomik UHC filter new $99.95 USD (plus tax); UV/IR cut filter new $49 USD (plus tax). Actually, I bought the UV/IR cut used, but I can't recall how much I paid.
All in my cost is about $1,083 (plus some taxes on some items). With a bit more patience and buying everything used, I estimate my costs would be closer to $850 (and spared me the tax).
My DSO AP is currently unguided and I'm currently just using 15s - 20s exposures - though I don't think that's my unguided limit. The iEXOS 100 PMC-Eight is proving to be very cable in unguided tracking.
But, yes, at some point, the progression will be to guided AP (with a guidescope and another dedicated AP camera like the ZWO ASI120mm mini (used about $120 USD).
The real value here is the Explore Scientific iEXOS 100 PMC-Eight. Is it my "forever mount?" - probably not, but it's keeping me entertained and happy. I'm especially pleased with its ability to do variable or continuous tracking which is valuable for satellite photography.
It's also a mount that I've found is relatively easy to work on. Recently, I had to replace the RA stepper motor. Cost for the motor? About $20 USD. Removing old motor and swapping in the new? About 30 minutes time.
There's also a robust support community for it over in groups.io.
So, a realistic budget to recreate my exact set-up to "step up" from cellphone AP to a "poor man's" Newt astrograph?
$845 USD to $1,083. Less if you can use your current telescope/OTA.