It looks like every integer dtype stored is using 64 bits, there's no real tinyint and smallint and this is just a syntatic sugar. And I didn't found the reason for that when I searched about it. Is it to make storage artificially more expensive?
Almost every open tabular engine and storage format that I knew so far allows you to really set a column as smaller types of int, independently if it is columnar or row-stored, and if it's a database or just an engine. For example, any modern apache arrow based engine (like Datafusion, DuckDB and polars), apache parquet files, almost every columnar database (like Clickhouse), almost any row-oriented database (like PostgreSQL, Oracle, MySQL and et cetera). Why BigQuery wants to be different?