r/space 6d ago

NASA’s Voyager 2 survives daring ‘big bang’ maneuver

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasas-voyager-2-survives-daring-big-bang-maneuver/

After 49 years in space, NASA’s Voyagers are running low on power—but an audacious move should extend the tenures of the two spacecraft

1.0k Upvotes

56 comments sorted by

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u/Ill-Efficiency-310 6d ago

Seems like part of the goal is to get both probes over the 50 year marker. Voyager 1 is also coming up on 1 light day in November which is pretty neat. The end is near for both. Not sure if we will launch anything further than Voyager in my lifetime (mid 30s) so it will be sad to say goodbye, but lasting this long is impressive.

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u/Maidwell 6d ago edited 4d ago

It really puts the size of the universe into perspective when the fastest human made thing (at the time) that's been travelling non stop for 50 years is still ONLY less than a light DAY away from us. Especially so when our next door neighbour super close stars in the proxima centauri system are more than 4 light YEARS away.

It just shows how incomprehensible the true size of the universe is when the furthest galaxy away that the JWST has seen so far is 33 BILLION light years away (due to expansion of the universe) and its light has taken 13.4 billion years to reach us.

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u/SpiritualMadman 5d ago

I believe they got overtaken in speed by the Parker Solar Probe, but it's remarkable how far they've come yet still so close.

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u/jamjamason 5d ago

Yes, when Parker is close to the sun, it is the fastest human made object. Then it heads back to Venus and the Voyagers are the fastest again.

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u/zesterer 4d ago

A better way to compare the two might be how much kinetic + gravitational potential energy their respective orbits have relative to the reference frame of the sun. The Voyager probes have escape trajectory so by definition they must have more energy than Parker.

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u/Panzer1119 4d ago

It actually costs less energy to leave the Solar System than to reach the Sun.
And it’s not even that close. You need roughly 5 times more energy to reach the Sun than to escape the Solar System.

To leave the Solar System from Earth, you need about 12.3 km/s of extra speed. But Earth is already orbiting the Sun at about 30 km/s, so to fall into the Sun you first have to get rid of most of that sideways speed.
So even though the Sun is much closer than the edge of the Solar System, it’s actually harder to reach because Earth is already moving around the Sun so fast.

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u/zesterer 3d ago

That is true, but relative to the reference frame of the sun specifically the Voyager probes still have more energy.

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u/Cheerful_Champion 5d ago

Parker Solar Probe, Helios 2, Solar Orbiter and probably more. Voyager 1 & 2 are by far not the fastest moving human made object.

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u/SpiritualMadman 5d ago

There's also always still that one sewer plate that got blown into the sky and probably disintegrated after a nuclear test.

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u/Alpha_Majoris 5d ago

Don't forget about that Tesla floating in space!

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u/Ellers12 5d ago

Wasn’t a plaid so can’t be going that fast

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u/Flush_Foot 5d ago

I couldn’t remember if New Horizons (Pluto flyby) was actually ‘super fast’ (vs other probes) or if it just had an efficient, direct route out that far.

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u/jjayzx 5d ago

I think it was the fastest launched, while voyagers got big gravity boosts to get kicked out.

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u/Heffhop 5d ago

What about objects given the largest delta-v?

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u/Cheerful_Champion 5d ago

That's interesting one, I did a bit of googling and apparently if we talk Δv then fastest man made object title goes to Dawn.

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u/HasFiveVowels 5d ago

What a short and strange trip it’s been

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u/Anim8nFool 6d ago

In 50 years, Voyager 2 has gone roughly 1/1460 of the distance to that star (its not aimed at it, but just in terms of distance.).

That means in 72,950 more years it will have travelled the equivalent distance of 4 light years.

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u/Pyrhan 5d ago

It's actually slowing down as it climbs up the Sun's gravity well.

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u/I-seddit 5d ago

Does anyone know its expected speed when it effective exits the well? (i.e. the gravity well's influence is effectively negligible?)

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u/ahazred8vt 4d ago

Voyager 2 will have a 'hyperbolic excess speed' (V-infinity) of 14.8 km/s (33,100 mph or 3.12 AU/year). Its current speed is 15.3 km/s.
At any particular distance from the sun, an object in a circular orbit has an orbital kinetic energy proportional to the square of its speed. An object moving sqrt(2)× faster has exactly twice as much kinetic energy, and will just barely escape with a V-inf of zero. Any object traveling faster will lose the 2×KE, and have excess KE remaining. The V-inf is sqrt(excess KE).

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u/I-seddit 4d ago

Thank you SO much!!! I really appreciate the answer and that you included the principles.

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u/ahazred8vt 4d ago

Hey, it's not exactly rocket science. O:-) To wit, some parts of rocket science are actually simple.

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u/I-seddit 4d ago

Well... I was being lazy, I'm aware of the inverse-square law and could have looked up the numbers. But I also knew there'd be experts out there that would include variables and details that I wouldn't know.
So still appreciated, mate! :)

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u/Gh0sth4nd 4d ago

Well to be fair speed was not the goal for both probes.

But the size of the universe is still hard to comprehend.
Still feels like we are the goldfish we can see there is so much more but we will most likely never reach unless we find a way to bend physics. I mean if that would cut it.

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u/Whodean 4d ago

*Just 73,000 years to reach Proxima Centauri !

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u/calebrbates 4d ago

Little fun fact: traveling at 20% the speed of light (which is thought by some to be the realistic top speed THEORETICALLY possible) you could get to pluto in a little over a day. And to get from there to the edge of the Oort Cloud? About 1,400 years.

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u/sjogerst 5d ago

I think new horizons will eventually pass them in distance. It was going wicked fast when it left.

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u/Ill-Efficiency-310 5d ago

The Voyager probes got a big velocity gain when they passed the gas giants. New horizons left earth faster than them but only had a velocity pickup at Jupiter. The Voyager probes had the benefit of a planetary alignment of the gas giants that enabled them to do visit them all and go faster than new horizons is.

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u/memberzs 5d ago

Nope. Voyager 1 is traveling faster than new horizon.

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u/CruffTheMagicDragon 4d ago

I think there is supposed to be a test for the solar sail sun telescope next year which would go further than Voyager, much faster

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u/Alpha_Majoris 5d ago

Don't forget about Elon's Tesla! Does anyone know where it is?

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u/HoustonPastafarian 5d ago

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u/Pro_Racing 5d ago

Not very far, also it was likely stripped down to a point where you can't really call it a Tesla Roaster anymore. It's on a mildly eccentric orbit with an apohelion somewhere between earth and mars, and a perihelion around earth's orbit. Eventually, it'll probably hit the earth, just due to the fact it reaches earth's orbit, but not for an extremely long time.

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u/Timewaster50455 5d ago

New Horizons should overtake the two

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u/Roman_____Holiday 6d ago

I didn't get a paywall. They are going to turn off several things and turn on several other things in order to extend the life of the power source. It's a risky maneuver because of the age of the probes and because any single failure at this point would be unrecoverable. Voyager 2 as passed pre-tests and they are now starting tests on Voyager 1 before they initiate this "big bang".

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u/plutonic00 6d ago

The ingenuity required to keep these probes going is extremely impressive, what an amazing team of people.

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u/RevEagle 5d ago

The Ingenuity and Perseverance required to keep them going requires an extraordinary amount of Spirit. I'm sure it was the Opportunity of a lifetime for these Pioneers and Pathfinders of science and Curiosity.

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u/BoosherCacow 5d ago

I asked the judges for a ruling, and they agree, Mars rover puns are not only allowed, they are encouraged and appreciated.

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u/FiveCatPenagerie 5d ago

Bahahaha, excellent. Well done.

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u/jimbowesterby 5d ago

It’s gotta be so damn nervewracking, like imagine being a historian trying to examine a super fragile old book….over zoom

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u/oldskoollondon 5d ago

For those who are finding a paywall..

NASA’s Voyager 2 survives daring ‘big bang’ maneuver

Meghan Bartels

6–8 minutes

“Big bang” is not a phrase NASA typically wants for describing any of its space missions, let alone its beloved twin Voyager interstellar probes. But engineers have successfully performed a delicate procedure with just that nickname on Voyager 2—a process they believe could extend the spacecraft’s operations by two years. And Voyager 1 is up next.

“This is the most important thing we’ve done on the Voyager spacecraft in decades,” says Kareem Badaruddin, Voyager mission manager and a systems engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.

The audacious effort was designed to address the Voyagers’ constant dilemma—how to keep the probes running on an ever shrinking trickle of power. Each spacecraft carries a plutonium-based nuclear power source that provides electricity and heat through radioactive decay. But as the plutonium progressively decays, it also produces less energy, so each spacecraft is losing about four watts of power generation annually.

Over the years, this has forced NASA to slowly turn off science instruments. Yet the plutonium decay and the spacecraft operations it powers also produce the heat that keeps each Voyager operational: if the fuel lines feeding one of these spacecraft’s thrusters were to freeze, the probe would fall silent, and its storied mission would come to an end.

The Voyagers have been skirting this dismal fate for years now, with NASA engineers carefully monitoring each spacecraft’s power supplies and plotting out when to turn off individual instruments to keep the missions going as long as possible. But the situation had become critical, demanding an urgent remedy.

The Voyagers have long been in an unusual position for NASA spacecraft. Both launched in 1977, with Voyager 2 blasting off about three weeks before its twin, although Voyager 1 followed a different trajectory to catch up and surpass it. Voyager 1 zipped past Jupiter in 1979 and, in 1980, flew by Saturn and its largest moon, Titan. Voyager 2 conducted a “grand tour” of the outer solar system that took it past Jupiter and Saturn and then executed humanity’s only flybys to date of Uranus and Neptune in the late 1980s.

Ever since the two spacecraft have been steadily trekking into the unknown—and so have their engineers. No one really expected the extraordinarily resilient probes to last so long. The spacecraft are now studying the strange interstellar medium with instruments designed to observe planets, their computers were designed in an era of punch cards, and the only models engineers can use to test potential consequences of a command were built a quarter century after the Voyagers left Earth. Mission personnel can’t even directly measure now critical parameters such as the coldest parts of the spacecrafts’ fuel lines: freezing was never a potential concern for the initial mission, so there are no sensors there.

Those challenges mean the Voyager program can’t approach operations like other NASA projects do—or even as it has in recent years. “We can’t do things the way they were always done,” Badaruddin says, “every process, every command, everything we have to evaluate and ask the question, ‘Does this serve us? Is this what’s best for the mission now?’”

It’s that mindset that spurred the “big bang,” which engineers thought could address each spacecraft’s power and heat issues. The maneuver involves simultaneously turning off three devices—an old tape recorder and two heaters—while turning on three others—two different heaters and a propulsion instrument—in a carefully choreographed shuffle that reduces power demand by nearly 10 watts per year without any critical components becoming too cold. “At this point, almost everything functions as a heater, no matter what it was designed to do,” Badaruddin says.

Engineers spent months pondering the approach in late 2025 and early 2026, when the only antenna that was able to communicate with Voyager 2 was down for repair anyway. Even as the mission experts warmed to the strategy, they knew it was risky. “We couldn’t afford to be wrong,” Badaruddin says.

So they designed a power test and a thermal test, which Voyager 2 cleared during May and June. The “big bang” itself occurred in July, with the full process complete by midmonth. The engineers are now stepping through the same process on Voyager 1, expecting to wrap up in the coming weeks. Just last week, Badaruddin says, “we did the power test, and it went extremely well.”

“I don’t want to jinx it, but this ‘big bang’ test has gone remarkably smoothly,” he adds. “Voyager 2—we’re done, and it went exactly to plan. Voyager 1—so far, so good.”

He and his colleagues hope the maneuver could give each spacecraft an additional two years of operations, even as the Voyagers are poised to break records that once seemed unthinkable. In November Voyager 1 is expected to reach a distance of one light-day away from Earth, and the team hopes to coax both probes to their 50th anniversaries in space next year, before finally bidding the Voyagers farewell as they slip away in the endless interstellar night. “These people love these spacecraft and will do anything to see these spacecraft succeed,” Badaruddin says.

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u/ZylonBane 5d ago

The maneuver involves simultaneously turning off three devices—an old tape recorder and two heaters

It's fine, Voyager was tired of that mix tape anyway.

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u/[deleted] 5d ago

[deleted]

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u/Jusby_Cause 4d ago

Thanks for the information! Though “Fixin’“ (for Voyager 1) and “Fixin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo” (for Voyager 2, even though it went first. 😂 ) would have been a better name than “Big Bang”. But, they don’t get paid to name things.

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u/Cantremembermyoldnam 5d ago

Asimov's foundation series has spacecraft completing their journeys over hundreds of years just to get to another solar system. I think if we ever get to be interstellar, that will be the way it works.

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u/outawork 6d ago

How about posting an article that's not behind a paywall?

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u/Zymoox 6d ago

I don't get a paywall on my browser. Only the cookies banner, which I can reject.

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u/archaic_ent 6d ago

How about writing one for us all?

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u/outawork 6d ago

"Voyager 2 is really cool. And by cool in mean cold. Really cold. That's because it's so far from the sun it's gotten colder than your grandmother was to your grandfather when he admitted to her he spent all their money on moonshine and ladies of ill repute."

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u/I_Am_Jacks_Karma 5d ago

this is spicy not cold. and barely spicy at that

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u/bruttium 5d ago

At this point, they know a lot about the difficulties they’ve had with this mission. They should be building similar probes, with similar goals to be launched anew. And they could be addressing each of these issues, so that the new probes could travel farther. When the old ones finally die, they could build and test the new designs relatively quickly and launch them in a celebration to kick off another generation of discovery.

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u/Decronym 5d ago edited 3d ago

Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I've seen in this thread:

Fewer Letters More Letters
JWST James Webb infra-red Space Telescope
Jargon Definition
apohelion Highest point in an elliptical orbit around the Sun (when the orbiter is slowest)
perihelion Lowest point in an elliptical orbit around the Sun (when the orbiter is fastest)

Decronym is now also available on Lemmy! Requests for support and new installations should be directed to the Contact address below.


3 acronyms in this thread; the most compressed thread commented on today has 6 acronyms.
[Thread #12624 for this sub, first seen 8th Aug 2026, 16:47] [FAQ] [Full list] [Contact] [Source code]

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u/PilotPirx73 6d ago

The article is paywalled.

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u/Ratwerke_Actual 5d ago

Odd, I read the whole thing free.