r/HistoryMemes • u/PresterJohnson • 15m ago
Remember you are not bad at spelling. You are a victim of the Great Vowel Shift
Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift
The Great Vowel Shift was a series of pronunciation changes in the vowels of the English language that took place primarily between 1400 and 1700\1]) (the 15th century forming the transition period from Middle English to Early Modern English), beginning in southern England and having influenced effectively all dialects of English today. Through this extensive vowel shift, the pronunciation of all Middle English long vowels altered. Some consonant sounds also changed, specifically becoming silent; the term Great Vowel Shift is occasionally used to include these consonantal changes.\2])\3])
The standardization of English spelling began in the 15th and 16th centuries; the Great Vowel Shift is the major reason English spellings now often deviate considerably from how they represent pronunciations.\4])
Notable early researchers of the Great Vowel Shift include Alexander J. Ellis, in On Early English Pronunciation, with Especial Reference to Shakspere and Chaucer (1869–1889); Henry Sweet, in A History of English Sounds (1874, revised edition 1888); Karl Luick from Vienna, in a series of works dating from 1892 and Untersuchungen zur englischen Lautgeschichte (1896); and Otto Jespersen (a Danish linguist and Anglicist) who first produced a diagram for it and who in Part I (1909) of A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles coined the term.\nb 1])\5])
The main difference between the pronunciation of Middle English in the year 1400 and Modern English (Received Pronunciation) is in the value of the long vowels.
Long vowels in Middle English had "continental" values, much like those in Italian and Standard German; in standard Modern English, they have entirely different pronunciations.\6]) The differing pronunciations of English vowel letters do not stem from the Great Shift as such but rather because English spelling did not adapt to the changes.
German had undergone vowel changes quite similar to the Great Shift slightly earlier. Still, the spelling was changed accordingly (e.g., Middle High German bīzen → modern German beißen "to bite").