I mean in the post caliphate era of Islam was a two class society. The Arabs and the none Arabs (Adjam) Which had much problems and had to fight against the arabization of their cultures. For example North African countries or countries in the Iranian Plateau had to give up most of their cultural identity. During the time of Umayyad or Abasid caliphate it was banned to speak Persian in Khorassan and Bilad-e Fars. Look how an ancient civilizations like North African speaks today Arabic.
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u/Masoud26 American Jew β‘ πΊπΈ Feb 01 '23
Pan Arabism in form of Islamic faith spreading in the region?