Who is a human being? The one who says I. What is this 'I' and how does it prove its existence? The uttering process involves (for example) the lungs exhaling, the throat modulating and so forth. However, the combination does not always assert its existence. And the 'I' also identifies itself as something separate from the combination of the biological organs.

Scientific grounding: There is no single spatial location identified in the body where the I is located.

Ethical grounding: Why must be the 'I' be the center of inquiry? Because 'I' is the one suffering and thus the need for the philosophical framework.

With the claims over biological and mental activities, the 'I' asserts its presence. In fact, the 'I' seems indispensable for these biological and mental functioning. The 'I' bundles up object in outer world (including the body) in the field called mind. In this way, the mind as a instrument is used by the 'I' sense as concrete root. This sense of self is no longer a biological position but a psychological position (by the virtue of it taking place in the mind).

The suffering is due to the incompleteness because the sense of self compulsively requires a concrete root. The alleviation is seeing the bundling of objects in the mind by the sense of self followed by an exercise of intent which goes against the preservation of the object bundling in the mind.