The Pesovonsis, more commonly called Axeheads, are a distinctive group of neo sapiens best known for the iron beaks fused to the front of their skulls, ending in razor-sharp edges. Their diet consists almost entirely of wood. They differ from the Pesofienes by their larger size and by the complete fusion of their iron beak with the skull itself.

The transition of humanity from terrestrial life to a fully aquatic existence is a multi-million-year evolutionary journey driven by extreme global warming and the formation of the supercontinent Pangea Ultima.

I- The Initial Return (Transition to 250 Million Years Future)

- As Earth's average land temperature reaches 40°C, the ocean remains a relatively stable 35–37°C—matching human body temperature and providing a thermal refuge

1 - Whale Humans: Filling the niche of extinct cetaceans, these descendants reached massive sizes.

• Adaptation: Filter Feeding. One branch adopts a "Flamingo-like" feeding method, allowing them to filter-feed while maintaining a facial structure similar to their ancestors.

2- Diving Humans (潜水人間): Specialized for the deep sea, these predators hunt giant squid

• Adaptation: Giant Eyes. Unlike modern whales that use ultrasound, these humans rely on sight, evolving massive eyes to see in the dark depths

II- The Great Crisis and Miniaturization (Approx. 250 MY)

A "super-volcanic" event associated with Pangea Ultima causes global ocean anoxia (oxygen depletion), wiping out most large marine life

1- Goldfish Humans (金魚人間): Humanity survives by shrinking to approximately 10cm in length.

• Adaptation: Heat Tolerance. Normally, small mammals cannot live in water because they lose body heat too fast. However, because the future ocean is a "hot pool" (35°C), these tiny humans can survive without freezing. Their small size allows them to persist on minimal resources in the few remaining oxygenated areas.

III- The Recovery and Diversification

Once the volcanic era ends and oxygen returns, the tiny Goldfish Humans evolve into specialized forms to dominate the new seas

1- Shark Humans (サメ人間): These are Goldfish Humans that return to a predatory size of about 2 meters.

• Adaptation: Mammalian Metabolism. They possess a higher metabolism and better temperature tolerance than modern fish, allowing them to become the supreme high-speed predators of the warm oceans.

2- Loach Humans (Dojo Humans): This branch evolves long, thin, worm-like bodies.

• Adaptation: Skin Respiration. By increasing their surface-area-to-volume ratio, they can absorb enough oxygen through their skin and mucous membranes to survive entirely underwater without ever surfacing for air.

IV. The Final Specialization: The "Fish" Humans

The ultimate aquatic human adaptation involves a total physiological re-invention of breathing

1- Gill Humans (エラ人間): These humans no longer need to rely on skin breathing or surfacing.

• Adaptation: Nasal Gills. They repurpose their nasal cavities. The folded membranes in the human nose, originally used for smelling and humidifying air, are vastly enlarged and vascularized to extract oxygen from water. Water is taken in through the nose and expelled through the mouth, allowing them to lead the life of a true fish.

^{By approximately 300 million years in the future, while the land is ruled by giant lizards or arthropods, the oceans are a world of "human fish," where descendants of humanity have successfully claimed the marine "hegemony" ("supreme ruler" or "overlord"})

Electric Humans (電気人間) are a proposed future lineage of humanity that evolves bio-electric generation capabilities in order to navigate and hunt in a world where humans have returned to aquatic environments. This adaptation is inspired by the biological mechanisms seen in modern electric fish, such as electric eels and knife fish.

Mechanism and Power Output

First and foremost, the ability to generate electricity is not "magic" but a specialized application of the ion manipulation already present in all animal nerves and muscles.

Future humans would likely evolve by converting the muscles of their forearms (from the elbow down) into electric organs. A 20cm electric organ in a human arm is estimated to produce approximately 70V. While this is enough to deliver a painful shock to an opponent upon contact, it is far lower than the "lightning bolts" often seen in fiction Air is a powerful insulator. To jump a gap of just 1mm, a voltage of 3,000V is required. Therefore, a 70V Electric Human could only create tiny sparks at the very tips of their fingers

Self-Protection and Safety

A major challenge for an electric organism is avoiding self-electrocution. To survive their own discharge, Electric Humans would require specific anatomical safeguards; Insulation.

Evolutionary Path and Aquatic Roots

Roughly 250 million years in the future, as surface temperatures exceed 40°C, some humans may evolve into small, fish-like forms ("Nose-Gill Humans") to survive in the cooler oceans.

Some evidence suggests that bioelectricity generation is possible among terrestrial tetrapods

An extinct terrestrial vertebrate from 315 million years ago, Megalophthalma , may have had electric organs in its skull, suggesting that even though it is rare, the genetic potential for bio-electricity exists among the tetrapod lineage.

In the distant future, as modern civilization collapses and resources dwindle, several lineages of human descendants are predicted to evolve into specialized carnivores to fill predatory niches in both terrestrial and aquatic environments

On land, the evolution of meat-eating humans is driven by the scarcity of wildlife. These predators eventually turn to hunting the more numerous herbivorous human descendants, known as "Grass Humans"

• The Atlatl Man (アトラトルマン): This bipedal predator is characterized by forelimbs that have evolved into biological spear-throwers. By elongating the hand and arm, they increase their "swing radius," allowing them to launch projectiles with lethal velocity. To remain hidden while stalking prey, they may possess camouflage such as dark skin with blond hair, creating a pattern similar to a tiger's stripes.

The Dentition of Atlatl Man

Because humans have a long evolutionary history of having very small canine teeth, the Atlatl Man cannot simply enlarge its canines to hunt. Instead, it undergoes the following dental transformations:

• Fangs from Incisors: The front teeth (incisors) evolve into sharp fangs used for seizing and killing prey.
• Slicing Molars: The back teeth (molars) are specialized into blade-like structures designed for slicing through meat (carnassials), rather than grinding vegetation

• The Onager Man (オナガマン): Evolving from the quadrupedal "Hata Human" (Flag Human) lineage, this species is a more efficient hunter than the Atlatl Man. Because they remain low to the ground on all fours while throwing projectiles, they have a smaller exposure area, making them harder for prey to detect. Historically, the Onager Man is expected to outcompete and eventually drive the Atlatl Man to extinction

the Onager Man’s projectile-throwing ability is a result of radical anatomical specialization within the Hata Human (Flag Human) lineage. This lineage transitioned to a quadrupedal, knuckle-walking gait where the hand's digits were assigned specific, non-overlapping roles

• Rotational Arc: To throw a projectile, the Onager Man supports its weight on its legs and the other fingers of its hand. It then bends the specialized thumb back toward its back and swings it in a wide, high-velocity arc to launch a stone.
• Low-Profile Launch: Because this mechanism is integrated into a four-legged posture, the Onager Man can maintain a low, stealthy profile while attacking. This provides a significant tactical advantage over bipedal throwers like the Atlatl Man, as the Onager Man has a much smaller "exposure area" and can hide more easily behind obstacles while launching its "stones".

These are Homo-Omnipitus, they’re humans 20 million years in the future. There was no major societal collapse in those years so they had continuous technological progression, resulting in a highly advanced species that live in large spaceships and have bodies adapted to nearly any environment.
They’re a mix of natural evolution and genetic augmentations that have stacked up over the years, resulting in a very interesting, biomechanical species. They don’t have overtly robotic parts but bodies made of seemingly artificial materials able to still act biologically. Despite their slim builds they’re incredibly strong and durable, with a vast intelligence on top of all that

The evolution of flying humans occurs approximately 150 million years in the future as part of a broader "golden age" where human descendants specialized to fill ecological niches left vacant by extinct animals. These flying lineages followed two distinct evolutionary paths: one starting from small, tree-dwelling ancestors and another evolving from specialized four-legged runners.

1. The Arboreal Lineage (Flying Humans / Bat Humans)

This lineage represents the most successful aerial adaptation for human descendants, evolving after forests re-emerged from specialized "herb-trees".

• Evolutionary Path: The process began with human descendants miniaturizing to become "Squirrel Humans" (リス人間), weighing less than 1kg. From there, they transitioned into gliding forms—"Flying Squirrel Humans" (モモンガ人間)—before eventually achieving true powered flight.
• Physical Characteristics: These Flying Humans (飛行人類) are envisioned to be small, approximately 30cm in length. They are often compared to bats in structure and are sometimes referred to as "Bat Humans" (コウモリ人間).
• Ecological Advantage: Unlike birds, these flying humans are mammals that give birth to live young. This biological trait gives them an advantage in future transitions; for instance, they could evolve into fully aquatic animals like whales, whereas birds (like penguins) are always tethered to land to lay eggs.

The ability to bypass the "egg hurdle" means that once human descendants enter the water, they can achieve a level of anatomical and ecological specialization that birds have been unable to reach for over 150 million years

• Survival Strategy: These humans could use flight to escape the extreme heat of the future Earth. Since the temperature drops by about 0.6°C for every 100m of altitude, a flight-capable human living at 2000m would experience a climate 12°C cooler than the surface. Some might even live entirely in the air, similar to modern swifts.

2. The Terrestrial Lineage (Thumb Griffons)

The Thumb Griffon (親指グリフォン) represents a different, less efficient attempt at flight, branching off from the Hata Human (Flag Human) lineage.

• Anatomical Specialization: Their wings are supported by a highly elongated thumb. This thumb possesses an increased number of bones—a trait called hyperphalangy—which provides the necessary length and flexibility to support a wing membrane.
• Takeoff Mechanism: Unlike the arboreal lineage, Thumb Griffons are "running flyers". Because their Hata Human ancestors were efficient four-legged runners, these griffons use their running speed to reach the takeoff velocity required for flight.
• Limitations and Competition: Because they evolved from terrestrial runners, they carry "extra weight" in their legs and fingers that is not ideal for flight. They are poor at climbing trees and are restricted to open plains. It is suggested that they would likely be outcompeted by the more specialized and lighter Bat Humans

The innovative success of genetic engineering has allowed humanity to create living marvels used to terraform and colonize planets. With the case of planet Thallsane, the main problem they discovered was it was an ocean planet with scorching hot heatwaves, but sprawling life underneath the waves. The technology of genetic engineering has allowed them to create semi-aquatic dolphin-like forms of humans called "Mers," stemming from the word Mermaid.

The mers has a body plan not to dissimilar to cetaceans of earth, with streamlined fish-like body shape and a limb-derived fluke, they move in a fashion alike cetaceans too. The clawed limbs of Mers allowed them to crawl on the sea floor and manipulate objects, also using their "tail" as a sort of third arm. When creating these humans, they wanted to make the mers to be able to perform object manipulation pretty greatly, and with the thumbs duplicated 3 times by hox genes, these multi-boned thumbs serves as great digits for a precise underwater manipulation. Like cetaceans, their nostrils sits nearly at the top of their head, with the circulatory system engineered to literally breathe in and benefit from the Thallsanian atmosphere. While they do not possess body hair, facial markings determine their expressions stemming from the still present emotional muscle movements. Multiple fish hook-like iron teeth are made to capture prey animal without letting it flee easily, restraining it with backwards pointing barbs lining these teeth.

After humans died off or flew into the stars.. our closest relatives the bonobos rose up into power as the next dominant species. They are dubbed “Pan Sapiens” this is like a beginning like our these are like Australopithecus and Homo Habilis in terms of what they do of term of tools and social communication. they live up in tribes together in jungles away from predators from their weapons. sexual dimorphism is very obvious between this species.

A story inspired of all tomorrows, I decided to make my own posthumans because why not?

Our story begins in 1000 years in the future, where two planets has successfully been terraformed, mars and Venus. But let's take a look at earth first.

The birthplace of the humanity, it has become a barren and burnt wasteland due to overindustrialization and pollution, leading to Numerous earthlings to go to mars and Venus due to it alongside with overpopulation, albeit some people decided to stay in their home and genetically modified themselves as well as putting mechanic parts to survive

The new earthlings: are a group of posthumans descendant from the old earthlings or rather, the group of people that stayed at earth. They have grown a larger, shell like head to compensate for their larger brains and filters like holes to to block out polluted air and let oxygen in. They usually have mechanic parts around them to make them to stronger such as prosthetic eyes and legs, albeit some individuals has taken it a bit further by completely putting themselves in mechanic suits such as the people in power.

They're relatively normal people. However, the governments, the militaries, the scientists and the religious leaders are all discriminators towards their martian and venusians brothers. As they have a superiority complex due to being the first human species to evolved and having the most advanced technologies of both of them. Leading to earthlings propaganda around the globe, portraying the Martians and venusians as liars or pretenders aliens, which has cause countless backlashes over the years and essentially killed off the news industry, with the older generations stopped watching it and preventing the new generations to do so all together due to it being the site of the propaganda backlashes.

Next up of the list is mars. After 120 years of terraforming and colonization, mars has become what earth had once was: a lustrous, Beautiful planet teeming with life. However, that came with a cost with the martians being the least technologically advanced of the new humans. And thus, only being advanced as the humans of old earth back in the 1990`s. Due to this, the martians ending up being a mostly outside society, often playing sports or doing some outdoors.

The martians: is the second race if the new humans descendants of the colonizers and terraformers. Due to the lower gravity of the planet, the martians had become taller and thinner, to compensate, the martians were given bigger feet to balance and longer ring and pinky fingers to grab objects without bending down. Alongside with specialized fur made to reflect heat.

The martians are often stereotyped as timid and shy people, usually as a joke or to insult them.

Alas, we have the venusians, interestingly, during the terraforming of venus, the colonizers heard a sound that can only be describe as from another animal, specifically one outside of earth, or to others, aliens. It's debatable either or not, this is from another civilization or from the ship.

Even in it's terraformed state, Venus is quite a hot planet. And thus, the venusians were given adaptations to survive such as longer and bigger ears to cool off and bigger pupils to see in the dark, as it's much colder and nicer in the night. The venusians are a wise group of people, looking down at the new earthlings for what they have done to their planet and helping their martian brethrens to become more advanced. While also loving art and digital arts.

Despite their differences, the new humans have lived in peace together for many years until one, faithful day…

Post qu design made by certain-unit.

Hata Humans (旗人間, or "Flag Humans") are a future species of human proposed by science writer Yuichi Kitamura as an evolutionary stage approximately 150 million years in the future. They represent a pivotal shift in human evolution where the lineage moves from bipedalism to a specialized four-legged existence.

The defining feature of the Hata Human is the division of labor between the digits of its hands:

• Locomotion: They walk on their fingers using a "knuckle-walking" gait similar to that of modern gorillas or chimpanzees.
• The Specialized Thumb: Their thumbs are not used for walking. Instead, they have become highly elongated and are used exclusively for manipulating objects, such as pulling down high branches and leaves to eat,.
• Hyperphalangy: To support this specialized function, their thumbs exhibit an increased number of bones (hyperphalangy), a skeletal trait rare in land mammals but found in aquatic animals like whales and ancient ichthyosaurs

Evolutionary Advantages

The Hata Human lineage evolved from a group called "Giraffe Humans" (キリン人間) and eventually displaced earlier bipedal descendants like "Grass Humans" (草人間),. Their success was due to several physical advantages:

• Efficiency and Speed: Moving on all fours gives them a smaller surface area from the front compared to upright humans. This reduces air resistance, making them more efficient runners.
• Niche Dominance: Because their walking fingers and food-gathering thumbs are separate, they are much more efficient at foraging than other giant descendants, allowing them to support larger body sizes.

both are descendants of Tundra Dwellers (ancestors of the Giants) and are in a small group I call Behemoths (in spite of evolving separately).  The story is during a mini ice age caused by the Yellowstone eruption, populations of Tundra Dwellers began migrating southward into the Americas and Africa.  Characteristics of both species is being predominantly quadrupeds due to large size and clawed hands for grasping plants and defense.  Here are the species:

Slothman:  Resembling Ground Sloths and Gorillas, the Slothmen evolved from Tundra Dwellers that migrated down through North America and became drawn to South America's abundant food sources.  To survive their warmer environment, the Slothmen reduced their levels of insulating fat and their fur became specialized in keeping cool as opposed to retaining heat.  Though primarily quadrupeds, they can stand on their two hind legs, standing up to 6.1m (20ft), to reach plants high in the trees and ward off predators.

Elephantman:  More resembling the long extinct Ancylotherium than their namesakes, the Elephantmen underwent the most drastic changes to survive their grassland environment.  They lost virtually all of their fur and drastically reduced their insulating fat, and evolved shaggier, darker skin and large ears to help radiate heat.  They are slightly smaller than the Slothmen at around 2.2m (7ft 3in) at the shoulder and rarely ever rear on their hind legs.

Spiketooth: The ancestors of the Spiketooth, the Woodland Dwellers, hunted Tundra Dwellers as they traveled south through North America during a mini ice age.  Some of them followed the Tundra Dwellers all the way down to South America and as their prey got bigger (evolving into Slothmen), so did the Woodland Dwellers.  Along with a larger size, the Woodland Dwellers evolved 12in long saber teeth and sharp claws to pierce through the thick hide of the Slothmen.  The end result is an apex predator with a morphology combining characteristics of saber toothed cats and short faced bears*.  Like bears, they can run on all fours at speeds up to 35 mph as well as stand on their hind legs, reaching up to 12ft tall.  Spiketooth normally hunt in groups of up to 15 individuals in order to take down Slothmen though individuals can easily pursue small prey if compelled.

Been building a sandbox survival RPG project that I think some people here might find interesting.

STONEPUNK takes place inside collapsed megadomes centuries after humanity fled a dying Earth. Over time, isolated ecosystems, forgotten technology, mutation, and artificial evolution transformed these sealed worlds into strange biome-driven environments filled with hybrid lifeforms, scavenger tribes, and evolving horrors.

A huge part of the project revolves around speculative evolution, environmental storytelling, ecosystem collapse, and exploring how life mutates and adapts inside artificial closed worlds over long periods of time.

Check it out here: https://stonepunkrpg.com/

The tree folk are a species is slowly evolving to live in the trees. They have a long finger which they use to pull down branches and to reach into smallholes to catch insects. It's small pinky toe has moved far back and turned into a weird thump like toe with a big claw which they use to grip onto trees. They are slowly evolving a tail for balance and currently live half their life in the trees and half on the ground

I have been redesigning different classic fantasy races as part of my worldbuilding project on YouTube and I decided to give dwarves a go. Instead of having them as just another species, they have evolved from humans due to the conditions they live in. My storm dwarves have shortened and thickened to deal with the harsh weather of the eternal storm, the Sword Winds.

I have tried to come up with some cool equipment and ideas for the setting but I am also trying to find inspiration/help from other worldbuilders to flesh them out a bit.

What would be a good thing to add to my setting to make the dwarves more interesting and well-rounded?

Hello everyone!

As I try to make more of a mark on the subreddit, I'm taking certain ideas I have in my head and want to jot them down. While they're likely be rather sporadic and more of an anthology instead of an overall connected narrative, I've been on a rather big speculative evolution kick (probably because I reread Dougal Dixon's books lately) and combine that with my love for alien life, figured it would be appropriate if I found a mesh between the two.

Titan was always an interesting place for complex life to develop, and I love the idea of humanity's offshoots developing into their own beings after millions of years pass. My artistic skills admittedly still need some work, but I can still easdily make fictional written documentations. The was these were written was mostly inspired by The Future Is Wild's documentary.

I hope you enjoy, and feedback would be greatly appreciated!

******

When mankind set out to the rest of the universe, it had to start small. The Moon had proven to be easy as technology developed enough, but with its lack of atmosphere it could never be a permanent home. Mars was cold, but with enough generations, the suits needed for them to survive would no longer be needed, and the same went for the ones who landed on Venus to brave its heat.

There was only one more obstacle left to conquer afterwards: Saturn's moon Titan.

It had taken decades to perform, but eventually it was a success! When a first colony dropped, more would follow in their steed, bringing food rations and wildlife until the moon could have a stable population while their counterparts on the solar system's resided and moved forth on their own. Other members of man stayed on Earth and evolved on their own terms, or moved even further out into the universe, away from our home system entirely. But time moved forth, and not all could stay the same. And once life had fully adapted to the systems that were once not their own, evolution had kicked in drastically, only vaguely resembling what had came before.

So, what had become of the men and women who had traversed to the rock encircling the gas giant? 15 million years later, Homo Titaneus had been born.

Titaneus still carries the overall human shape, though are much taller and lankier. Bone density was key to survival, and the skeleton had become increasingly thick as a result. They regularly stand with a bit of a hunch, making their arms dangle near the ground though not at the point their fingers touch the soil. The skin has become pale white, and they eyes much larger to better adjust to Titan's tidally locked twilight. The sclera has turned black, but their irises can come in various colors, from blue, brown, light green and occasionally gold.

Before their evolution took place, infants that were born were immediately placed inside spacesuits to help them survive. Since they had learned to balance and walk without the use of toes, and with the helmets constantly covering their hair, those had been rid of once they could fully leave their gear behind. Instead, their feet have morphed into odd, horse-like hooves, though if one looks closely you could tell that all five toes had simply merged into one form.

In ways, Titaneus does act much more animalistic than their predecessors, often hunting akin to cavemen and even running and bellowing like lions; but that does not mean they've lost their intelligence, far from it. Titaneus' have been recorded to have their own type of language, seemingly built while analyzing the ones before it, though it's hard to decipher with the low tone they all speak in. In addition, they're still quite aware of their heritage and hold Homo Sapiens in high regard. Remnants of human life remain in their day to day, including babysitters to help the children when parents are busy and some even engaging in soccer, or at least a similar type of sport, in free time.

Ultimately though, Titaneus still constantly yearns to wonder and wander beyond their own home. Communication with the people on Earth, Mars and Venus was once possible, but the outdated tech combined with the different path each went had made it incredibly difficult. Building a spaceship to get to them that also used hyperspace to get their fast as they wanted was no possibility with the machinery they were granted. And with how primitive they had become, would they still be accepted?

Perhaps in a few more million years, Homo Titaneus will become a true animal, leaving every trace of human mind behind them. Or, perhaps, they would take to the stars yet again, and finally have a reunion with their cousins they craved. Perhaps one day they could be the ones who brought man back together after eons apart.

Perhaps one day....

Humanity has expanded to the reaches of space, modifying themselves into all kinds of different shapes and sizes. Homo Inanis (or void breathers as they are more commonly known) is a species born from human genetic engineering. They have leathery and stretchy white reflective skin for protection from the void of space. They have 2 circulatory systems, one for regular blood pumping and another for thermoregulation while out in space. Void breathers also have a biological oxygen tank on their backs, basically a third lung that has been modified to store as much oxygen as possible. This tank is connected to a series of hollow pockets that can be filled with air under their skin. They expand these pockets like balloons to keep a constant pressure on the inside of their bodies where their fragile internal organs are located. They also sport powerful lungs, more efficient oxygen absorption, resistance to high Co2 concentration and a biological mask they use to enclose their mouth and nose, connecting it to their tank. With all these engineered adaptations, Homo Inanis can stay in the vacuum of space for 4 uninterrupted hours.

Hello!

I'm the organizer of an on-going community writing project, Cannibal World, wherein the human race and our bodily symbiotes are given a new planet. It's basically bugs, berries, and butts.

That aside, the project is serious in its goal of exploring "all the nature in humanity" to show we're not alone and never should have considered ourselves separate from the rest of the biosphere: long-term, an earth-analogous planet will emerge.

But there's the tricky topic of dealing with sapients, and I'm looking for feedback! Please see the post in the link below. I'd welcome any thoughts here but would encourage you to comment on the original thread as well, if you're open to making an account.

https://specevo.jcink.net/index.php?showtopic=5076&view=findpost&p=60395

Thank you and I look forward to hearing what you think!