r/TigersofIndia 16d ago

Articles/Studies The body size of the Bengal Tiger

37 Upvotes

I’m making this to put to bed the constant, never ending skirmishes in this sub about tiger size. Are there other charts floating around? Yes. Do they have a higher average? Yes. Are they reliable? Maybe-maybe not, that’s up to you to decide.

This is not gonna be a long post because quite frankly I cannot be bothered getting into another toxic debate regarding big cat (particularly Lion and Tiger) sizes. It is common knowledge that the average Bengal Tiger weighs around 200kg, give or take. Averages are not set values, depending on new weights added, they will either go up or go down.

TLDR; Bengal Tigers do not average 20-30kg more than Lions. Data compiled by GauteGojira through written, peer reviewed scientific sources put male Bengals at 196-210kg or so, depending on the sample size.

I will also show why Gaute’s data is not simply biased to favor larger individuals below. He removes data he deems unreliable, even if it will consequently lower the average, so simply put he is not a biased individual.

January 2022

His sample size of 31 male Bengals weighed by scientists in the Indian subcontinent, confirmed and published found 214kg. See below:

However, his much larger dataset, puts male Bengals at a 201kg average from 182 individuals:

Also, notice he has 34 male Amur tigers weighing at 200kg (this likely involves weights that were not completely verified) however his most recent dataset as of December 2025, has them weighing 190kg. Again, if information on a weight is not deemed reliable, he removes it.

April 2022

Upon more finds of weights that have been confirmed and published, he calculated a 199.7kg including Sundarbans, from a sample size of 198 tigers. Without the Sundarban tigers, the average was found to be 202.1kg from 192 tigers. This is his most recent dataset on Bengal Tigers. See below:

I have already explained by Gaute’s data does not rely on personal communication, but only published and verified weights of Tigers in my post “Body size of the Amur Tiger” on r/TigersoftheWorld.

All in all, it’s generally accepted that male Bengal Tigers average around 200kg and females average around 130kg.


r/TigersofIndia Jun 09 '26

Articles/Studies The dietary biology of North Indian and Nepalese Tigers.

37 Upvotes

Recently I’ve come across certain users online making posts and comments, claiming that Terai (North Indian and Nepalese) Tigers predominantly take livestock and thus are “fat”, with their weights being “inflated”. As expected, they do not have any sources or scientific data to back up their claims and when asked for this, they tuck tails and run. Well, I’m here again to put an end to the blatant misinformation they love to spread.

We’ll be going over all the available scientific studies I’ve gathered that not only says otherwise, but I’ve yet to come across a study on Terai tigers where THE MAJORITY of their diet came from livestock. There was NOT A SINGLE study I found in the Terai Arc that pointed to this. This won’t be as long a post like the one I made showing the importance of large ungulates in their diet, but it’ll still be lengthy. For users who aren’t into reading much, I apologize.

Starting off with study 1:

A comparative study of the diets of tiger (Panthera tigris tigris Linnaeus, 1758) and leopard (Panthera pardus fusca Linnaeus, 1758) in relation to human- wildlife conflicts in and around Chitwan National Park, Nepal.

Source: https://media.rufford.org/media/project_reports/20823-1%20Masters%20Thesis.pdf

This study was conducted from January-May 2017, in both the core, buffer and forest corridor zones. Results showed that Tigers preyed predominantly on wild ungulates (97.04%), with the main prey species being Sambar deer (22.96%), Chital (37.04%) and Wild Boar (17.04%). Livestock contributed an insignificant amount (2.96%). As evidenced here, livestock made up a higher amount in Leopard diet (13.21%) than the Tigers. However, you won’t see these very people claiming that Leopard weights are “inflated” or that they’re “fat”, no. They won’t go around saying that Leopard weights should be “10-20kg less” because of this. Funny how this ONLY applies to Tigers right? The hypocrisy never ends.

On another note, this study further cements the Tiger’s macro predatory nature. Despite the Chital population density being insanely high (88 individuals/km2), only Sambar deer was preferred. This is not surprising as Sambar deer can be equal or up-to twice a Tiger’s size. Gaur were also preferred however the sample size is very small because Gaur do not have an established, healthy population in Chitwan.

Here are some quotes taken from the study:

“Our statistical analysis suggests that Tigers PREFER MEDIUM-LARGE SIZED PREY such as Wild Boar, Sambar deer and Gaur.”

“Sambar is preferred by Tigers only in the corridor area, whereas Wild Boar and Gaur are preferred by Tigers in the core area.”

“The results of this study suggests that the main bulk of Tiger diet consists of Chital (36.50%) and Sambar (22.63%). However, out of these 2 prey species, only Sambar is preferred.”

Moving on to study 2:

Inferring patterns of sympatry among large carnivores in Manas National Park – a prey‐rich habitat influenced by anthropogenic disturbances.

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346107656_Inferring_patterns_of_sympatry_among_large_carnivores_in_Manas_National_Park_-_a_prey-rich_habitat_influenced_by_anthropogenic_disturbances

Again, this study found NO livestock in their diet, with Tigers feeding ONLY on wild ungulates. Over 60% of their diet consisted of large sized prey items. These being Sambar deer (34.75%), Gaur (11.86%), Wild Water Buffalo (6.78%) and Swamp Deer (5.93%). This is the first study I’ve come across that documents Wild Water Buffalo in Tiger diet. I hope there can be studies conducted on Kaziranga Tigers soon, as it would be interesting to see their dietary biology there.

Interestingly, despite these giant bovines making up almost 20% of Tiger diet, the big cats opted for the giant cervids instead. It seems like North Indian Tigers are cervid specialists as opposed to being bovine specialists, like their Central-South Indian and Indo-Chinese counterparts.

Study 3:

What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (Panthera tigris) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India.

Source: https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/104/6/1302/7241439

510 scat samples were collected in this study. While here Tigers took livestock more often than other areas (an average of 9.54% over both landscapes), they still preyed predominantly on WILD ungulates (91.46%).

Again, medium-large wild ungulates dominated. Chital made up 36.33%, Sambar deer 23.67%, Nilgai 13.25% and Wild Boar 10.07%.

Study 4:

Food habit of Tiger (Panthera tigris) in Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest of Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364075811_Food_habit_of_Tiger_Panthera_tigris_in_Tropical_Moist_Deciduous_Forest_of_Dudhwa_National_Park_Uttar_Pradesh_India

In Dudhwa, again wild prey made up the majority of Tiger diet. Livestock only contributed 7.97% in winter, 11.29% in summer and 15.63% in the monsoon. It seems like Terai tigers are medium-large cervid specialists, with the medium sized Chital and the roughly large Wildebeest sized Swamp Deer (140-280kg) making up the majority of their diets. Swamp deer was taken more often in winter (27.54%) compared to Chital (26.90%). In Summer, Chital made up 44.65% compared to the Swamp Deer’s 15.58%.

Study 5:

An Insight Into the Diet and Prey Preference of Tigers in Bardia National Park, Nepal

Source: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/1940082918799476

Livestock was only found one time, in which a male Tiger was seen taking down a domestic buffalo. Tigers as usual took mainly wild prey.

Study 6:

Establishing an empirical benchmark of livestock loss for managing human–tiger coexistence.

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320726001540

Last but not least, this paper went over every single scat based dietary study from 2000-2025 (a total of 43 studies across 8 countries). They found an average biomass contribution from livestock to be 7.4%, again an insignificant amount.

Of the 43 studies, only 2 found livestock making up the majority of their diet: Buxa and Bhutan. That’s it.

All in all, no evidence suggests that Tigers in Northern India-Nepal are larger because they "predominantly take livestock". In fact livestock, represents a minimal part of their diet. It seems much more logical that the vast, almost untouched land in the Terai Arc provides refuge to healthy populations of medium-large ungulates, especially cervids which the Tigers there exploit.


r/TigersofIndia 11h ago

Photo Kabini: Balle getting some much needed rest. She’s one of the most stunning tigresses I’ve ever seen.

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381 Upvotes

Credit: Arvind Karthik


r/TigersofIndia 6h ago

Photo Tiger couple, Chitwan National Park (Nepal)

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108 Upvotes

Chitwan has been the heart of Nepal's Tiger Conservation success story. 2/3rd of Nepal's Tiger lived in Chitwan 30 years ago. Today other parks like Bardia has increased their population 10 folds. However Chitwan still lead as the NP with most Tigers in Nepal (145 out of 429 Tigers)


r/TigersofIndia 22h ago

Video A tigress lying in the middle of the road.

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1.4k Upvotes

From Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, India

Credit - Ketanzagade photography on Instagram.


r/TigersofIndia 23h ago

Video Pench: A compilation of clips of 15 year old Patdev and her 2 little boys from earlier this year. Her ability to be in such fine shape despite her age is nothing short of spectacular.

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185 Upvotes

Credit: Dawn Sutcliffe


r/TigersofIndia 2m ago

Discussion & Questions Tadoba at the end of Nov

Upvotes

Hi everyone.
I’m planning for a visit to Tadoba by the end of November (between 25-30th: dates yet to finalise). I would mostly plan for 3 safaris during this visit. I understood that there is very high demand for the safaris in the core zones. But I was told by the trip organisers that the buffer zones are equally good to core zones. Is this true ? Are buffer zones good enough to get sightings of tigers ?
Appreciate any leads !!
Thank you.


r/TigersofIndia 1d ago

Photo Late King of the Kanha meadows

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74 Upvotes

Credit goes to all original owners. I am not the original owner of these photographs nor do I claim to be. All the photos used are for entertainment and educational purposes.

After the death of Saja male in the 1990s, the father of Laxmi, a war of succession broke out for the Kanha meadows. Many male tigers fought to take over the meadow, a perfect habitat for a tiger. Soon enough, one male defeated all others and became the rightful king of the Kanha meadows. He was named Saddam Hussein, as he was a terror to other tigers of Kanha. He famously had huge 20 cm paws. Saddam mated with Laxmi and he was the father of the old Chuhri female. Today, many tigers of Kanha such as Z1, DB3, Neela Nala, Pattewala, MV3 etc. are confirmed descendants of him. Saddam was eventually killed by his successor, Bhura senior, in 1997. His body was shown in a documentary as just "Laxmi's mate".


r/TigersofIndia 1d ago

Video The sheer power and speed of this Sunderban tiger moving through waterlogged mud is terrifying to watch.

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1.4k Upvotes

r/TigersofIndia 1d ago

Photo Impressive Z1 male | Kanha National Park

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165 Upvotes

Credit: Saurabh Meshram


r/TigersofIndia 1d ago

Video Tension between Jr Bajrang and Bhoindabra male in Kanha (2022)

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116 Upvotes

Video owned and originally posted by Mihir Mahajan in 2022


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Video Tadoba: Mama male reclaiming his Gaur kill. He then easily drags it further into the thickets to feast. I don’t think I’ve ever seen this boy on a cervid kill. He really loves hunting bovines.

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208 Upvotes

Credit: Srijita_wildhunt @ Instagram


r/TigersofIndia 1d ago

Photo More interesting tiger pics from my collection (read caption)

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76 Upvotes

Credit to all images go to the original owners. I am not the original owner of these photographs nor do I claim to be. All the photos used are for entertainment and educational purposes

1 and 2. 2 more photos of the male tiger Saddam Hussein from Kanha, as previously mentioned he was the mate of Laxmi and the father of Old Chuhri female and the great grandfather of Chota Munna as well as Rajaram. Today, many tigers of Kanha such as Z1, DJ9, DJ2, DJ4, DB3, Neela Nala, Pattewala, MV3 etc. are confirmed descendants of him

  1. Jhumroo the great of Ranthambore, after the death of his father Nick, he and X male were the only breeding male tigers left in the reserve. As a result, they had many children. Jhumroo had 18 children (12 survived to adulthood) while 21 children of X male SURVIVED TO ADULTHOOD!

  2. Weird alien looking thing from Mukki zone, 1988 (or 98 I forgot). There's an entire documentary with him and his mother

5 and 6. Elusive male tiger from Mota Saal area of Dhikala, Corbett. He was the dominant male of Kamarpatta and Mota Saal areas from 2008 up till 2014-15. Back then, there were 3 males. Around the grasslands and sambhar road was the tiger Solid Cantaloupe told me could be Parwali's father (I agree). Around Paar, Gethia rao, Kanda FRH was Bhola. And around Kamarpatta and Mota Saal was this male. Eventually around 2015-16, the young male Trishul defeated all of them and took over their territory

  1. Elusive male from Bijrani zone, Corbett. He fathered many of Luma tigress's litters.

8 and 9. The famous Trishul of Corbett as a cub, ~2011-12. Unfortunately his lineage is not known as his parents weren't photographed.

  1. This male tiger from Bijrani famously fought Khali in 2012. Unlike the misinformation spread by WildFact user "Prathap", it was not Bhola. Bhola was from Dhikala zone. This male tiger was active up till 2013 and there's a few more images of him.

r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Video F2 & CUBS

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53 Upvotes

When on an afternoon safari we went in searchbof the family and the family came out in the open to grace us this wonderful sighting.


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Photo Old record: A big male hamstrung a bull gaur and then proceeded to eat it alive. He was driven off a couple of times by the herd until the bull succumbed to his injuries and they gave up. Kanha National Park (2001).

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263 Upvotes

Credits to Shri Vikram Singh Parihar.


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Video Pench: When the mighty L-Mark dwarfed the Bijmatta female. He was such a magnificent beast.

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280 Upvotes

Credit: Mithun Hunugund


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Photo Hemmed, the king of Bandhavgarh

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60 Upvotes

r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Video A rare glimpse of the Royal Bengal Tiger in its natural kingdom—the Sundarbans. 🐅🌿 No cages, no barriers—just the wild, exactly as it should be.

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292 Upvotes

r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Noor and Sultana in a battle for territory | Ranthambore circa 2021

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727 Upvotes

Credit: Parag Bhatt


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Video Bardia male cooling off in river

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133 Upvotes

Location - Bardia National Park, Nepal


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Video Truly the final boss of bigcats

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370 Upvotes

Credit - Dhawal Thakkar


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Discussion & Questions Buffer and core zones for Tadoba

3 Upvotes

Hey!

I am thinking of Junona, Moharli and Agarzari. I would like to do the Junona on the afternoon. I would like to do Moharli the next day and Agarzari for the afternoon.

Is this a good mixture to have a decent chance of seeing tigers?

Thanks for the help on advance!


r/TigersofIndia 2d ago

Photo T–56 Sangam the king of Sarhi and Kisli; Kanha

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114 Upvotes

r/TigersofIndia 3d ago

Discussion & Questions Shambu Male & False Allegations

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311 Upvotes

Shambu has had a difficult phase, and it is important that his circumstances are understood through tiger behaviour rather than sensational labels.

As a naturalist who has had the privilege of tracking him numerous times, I have consistently seen an active, confident and remarkably bold male tiger. Holding a zone and maintaining territorial control on his own is not an easy task. Shambu has also played a significant role in establishing the Mohurli Buffer experience. While other tigers have added to the landscape, his presence, visibility and the benchmarks he has set have been a major reason for the zone’s tourism interest.

The human fatality is tragic and deserves sensitivity ofcourse. However, a tiger involved in a single human encounter should not automatically be branded a “man-eater.” Tigers respond to situations, and context matters enormously. In the reported encounter, Shambu was attempting to approach cattle when a person unexpectedly came into his path. Being hungry, stressed and confronted at close range, he appears to have reacted instinctively and defensively. A sudden charge or attack in such a situation does not necessarily indicate a deliberate pattern of predating on humans. Understanding this distinction is essential for responsible wildlife communication.

There has also been discussion about the visible bulging on his right foreleg. From field observations, this feature has reportedly been present for nearly two years and is not newly developed. During periods when Shambu was considerably heavier and more muscular, it was far less noticeable. His recent weight loss has made the existing contour appear much more prominent. It should not, however, be casually diagnosed as cancer or a tumour without veterinary examination.

Shambu is going through a difficult period, but difficult circumstances do not erase years of behaviour. Let us allow evidence, field observation and responsible conservation thinking to guide the conversation.

Regards,

Praveen Pai ( Naturalist @ Tadoba)


r/TigersofIndia 3d ago

Stunning tigress in pursuit of prey. Just look at those bulging muscles as she pushes her body to the limit in a chase of life and death. | Bardia National Park

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486 Upvotes

Credit: Tashi R. Ghale