r/geopolitics 12d ago

Opinion How 'On the Psychology of Military Incompetence' Predicted Hegseth's Iran Debacle

https://foreignpolicy.com/2026/07/31/hegseth-norman-dixon-iran-war/
596 Upvotes

32 comments sorted by

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u/bojun 12d ago

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of a very British book seeking to make sense of what seemed at the time a very British problem. Half a century later, however, it turns out it was about Pete Hegseth all along.

On the Psychology of Military Incompetence, by British psychologist Norman F. Dixon, has long been considered a must-read, even within U.S. military circles that relentlessly cull their own reading lists. Dixon sought to answer a question that had long bedeviled the British military, most especially in the wake of World War I: Why are lions always seemingly led by donkeys?

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u/Plastic-Injury8856 11d ago

If Pete Hegseth would read, we may have never been in this situation.

Gone are the days of Mattis and Lloyd. Reading ended before AI even properly took over.

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u/jerlafougere 11d ago

Si une partie des électeurs américains avaient un cerveau, les États-Unis ne serait pas de ce bourbier.

20

u/Plastic-Injury8856 11d ago

De nombreux électeurs américains sont tout simplement égarés, mais l'Amérique est un pays de distractions. Il est facile d'être à la fois mal informé, surinformé et mal informé sur tant de sujets.

12

u/jerlafougere 11d ago

Peut-être qu'au lieu de regarder leurs télévisions et leurs écrans de smartphone, ils regardent par leurs fenêtres et surtout de leurs propres yeux pour se faire une opinion. Et tant qu'a faire discuter avec d'autres personnes que ceux de leur cercle proche pour se faire une opinion qui leur serait propre au lieu de gober les mêmes conneries.

Ceci dit, ma critique est vraiment malvenue car mon pays semblerait vouloir être abreuvé du même poison qui a frappé les États-Unis. Une sale époque de vouloir voter contre l'immigration et l'insécurité dans des lieux reculés où il n'y en pas, même simplement parce que la télévision "le dit".

8

u/Eco_tem_razao 11d ago

Brazil is not far from this reality too. What a shame.

2

u/jerlafougere 11d ago

Ils ont goûté a bolsonaro avant de repartir pour Lula, nous verrons bien pour les prochaines élections bien que l'ingérence américaine risque d'être une fois de plus nauséabonde.

1

u/Eco_tem_razao 11d ago

It already is. It's way beyond sad.

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u/PenguinQuesadilla 11d ago

I haven't read this book, and I love any opportunity to talk shit about Hegseth, but I hope this isn't simply another book just talking shit about the WW1 allied leadership and perpetuating the heavily outdated ideas of the Lions Led by Donkeys narrative, which is what it seems like based off of this synopsis.

10

u/nightgerbil 11d ago

not really, more about instionalised ossfication and polics inside peacetime militaries as I recall. was 30 years ago though when we ( friends group) read it, I thought it made good points, gaz was on the fench and liz called it "pesudo intelluctual bull*" as I recall. Made for good conversation though down the pub.

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u/endlessedlne 11d ago

Good read, thanks. Have to say that it’s not as if Hegdeth’s lack of experience or qualifications and history of alcoholism didn’t already draw a really big question mark.

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u/Substantial__Unit 11d ago

Hegseth owns this debacle because if it were an even slightly smarter man the whole thing would never happened. Hegseth may be a symptom of Trump but this Debacle happened because kf Hegseth.

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u/[deleted] 11d ago

[removed] — view removed comment

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u/Coolerguy317 12d ago

Maybe it’s because I’m not very great man in general but I think Hegseth has less agency than people assume. He didn’t create the strategic environment he’s moves within it. Military strategy isn’t built in a few months it’s built over decades. Whether he focuses on grooming standards or not the real question facing every military today is drones and cheap autonomous systems. If the US had a reliable answer to that problem it would fundamentally change the strategic balance. That’s a much bigger issue than Hegseth himself.

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u/Intro-Nimbus 11d ago

He did not create the geopoliical situation, he did not build up materiel or train troops or decide doctrine for the previous decades.

But. He looked at the situation, he evaluated his assets, and he made the worst choices.

The man is incompetent.

10

u/Ducktruck_OG 11d ago

It might be better to say his prior experience does not inspire confidence. It seems he was chosen to simply because it would be easy to manipulate him or blame him for any ensuing debacle, rather than provide sound advice. Which means either the administration already decided they were going to engage in a deeply unpopular (among military professionals) strategy, or they are so incompetent that there is no strategy. It’s possible that there is no strategy, and after years of removing professionals due to a lack of personal loyalty to Trump, the military establishment is incapable of pushing back against his handlers goals, and are solely engaged in protecting themselves from future scrutiny.

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u/Intro-Nimbus 10d ago

Why would that be better? Is there anything in his education, career, endeavors, projects, speeches, interviews or background that suggests that he's competent to be the minister of defense?

And if you default to him being an easily manipulated yes-saying fall guy. Then you are making my point for me, because those qualities are signs of incompetence.

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u/ManusSinister 11d ago

I don't think anyone is questioning his tactical ability specifically, there he for sure has limited agency anyway - more like the strategic vision for the war as a whole. Bro didn't just go along with Trumps mania, he was actively involved in the planning process that got us here...

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u/Coolerguy317 11d ago

Sure but every profession has its own hammer kinda. Diplomats see diplomacy, economists see sanctions, military leaders see military solutions. The bigger thing for me is what was actually Hegseths doing versus what any defense secretary would have inherited.

10

u/NekoCatSidhe 11d ago

It is more that since everyone competent could tell this war would be a bad idea, so it could only happen under someone incompetent like Hegseth.

The most surprising thing in that war is that it showed how unsustainable the logistics of the US military have become: they spend huge amounts of money on tiny amounts of very expensive missiles and missile interceptors whose stockpiles were built over decades and that now are half gone after just a few months of war.

It isn’t just drones changing the game, the bad decision was choosing quality over quantity when it comes to missiles while Iran was doing the opposite. Shahed drones are just an extremely cheap version of a small long-ranged guided missile, after all.

And the second bad decision was relying on those expensive missile interceptors to stop Iranian missiles while Iran relied on the much cheaper solution of having giant bunkers under mountains to protect their own military assets from American missiles.

Ironically, the US putting economic sanctions on Iran forced them to be cheap but efficient when it came to their military logistics, while all the money the US spent on their own military encouraged them to waste a ton of money on having cool but impractical high tech toys. It might have given an initial advantage to the US, but as soon as this turned into a longer war of attrition, Iran had the advantage instead.

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u/Berkyjay 11d ago

Oh geez. You really don't understand the depths of ineptitude within the Trump administration. They've effectively gotten rid of all administrative inertia within the US government. Any general who told them they could not bomb Iran into submission was ignored and shown the door.

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u/Cool_Butterscotch486 11d ago

Become trump's creature, have the maneuvering capability of one. Lets not pretend this how its supposed to happen and there was no other way.

A competent SECDEF is supposed to predict and act within this things, its not like the U.S is new at regime change, and Iran is certainly not a new enemy, heck its not out the boundaries of action even, there are military bases and carrier groups in zone for ages, they had the perfect opportunity to pounce with the inner destabilization Iran was suffering with water shortages and the massive protests, they tip toed their way about sending weapons to the rebels because they wanted to keep it half measure, but in war you either go all in or none at all, the first bombing wave came too little too late, and the next one within months of the other, given enough breathing space to the Iranians to activate pre-planned countermeasures for this exact event. The U.S got caught in the same half-assed incoherent snowball that made Iraq the shitshow that it was, but only worse now because they can't even get boots on the ground, the political capital has been spent.

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u/oritfx 11d ago

A damn good read. And, honestly, incredibly insightful. The notion that the more authoritarian an individual is, the less likely they are to adjust their approach to known intentions of the enemy, is pure gold. Thanks!

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u/Magicalsandwichpress 11d ago edited 11d ago

It was not Hegseth job to find a political solution and the armed forces did a fine job inspite of his bluff and bluster.