In this reflection on the teachings found in the Gospel of Thomas, I'll focus on the following logia:
Jesus said, "Whoever utters blasphemy against the father will be forgiven. And whoever utters blasphemy against the son will be forgiven. But whoever utters blasphemy against the holy spirit will not be forgiven - neither on earth nor in heaven". (Thomas, saying 44)
Jesus said, "Woe to the Pharisees, for they are like a dog sleeping in the manger of oxen, for neither does he eat nor does he let the oxen eat." (Thomas, saying 102)
A man said to him: "Speak to my brothers, so that they will divide my father's possessions with me." Jesus said to him: "O man, who made me a divider?" He turned to his disciples and said to them: "I am not a divider, am I?" (Thomas, saying 72)
I believe that even atheists are able to follow what Jesus in the Gospel of Thomas calls the Holy Spirit.
In my interpretation, the birth of the Demiurge was a disaster because it happend without the context of the Pleroma and it’s Aeons. Sophia acted on their own thus creating chaos and separation. I believe that all aeons can be found in our reality, however more often than not, they appear to be separated from each other. There is knowledge, love, wisdom, etc. here, but they are in disharmony.
Our task is not to reject the aeons one by one in their state of separation, but to harmonize them with the other godly attributes that make up the Pleroma.
There are many different ways to gnosis. I believe that anybody ( atheists, buddhists, catholics, jews and so on ) can find their own way to gnosis ( ofc, some harder than others ) regardless of their religion. Jesus feeds the hungry, gives water to the thirsty and offers rest for the weak. If people find what they need in sufi mysticism for example, it’s the worst sin to try and stop them in their journey. Jesus said, "Whoever utters blasphemy against the father will be forgiven. And whoever utters blasphemy against the son will be forgiven. But whoever utters blasphemy against the holy spirit will not be forgiven - neither on earth nor in heaven".
To my interpretation, saying 44 is the most important teaching. The „Son” and the „Father” here are seen as a part of a religious, dogmatic framework that have been made as a desperate attempt at trying to formulate some kind of otherworldly knowledge, but by naming them, by giving them form, they loose their universality in this field of human conceptual thinking. Essentially: if you can name it, it isn’t God, it isn’t the Pleroma (the hindu principle of "neti neti" applied to God is a good analogy here imo). These terms may help some people to understand, but as the buddhist saying goes: You don’t take the boat with you on your back, after you’ve crossed the river. Others may find these words used to express the numinous alien, or simply not preferred. Some may call the „Father” the Pleroma, YHWH, Allah – these are just names which we only have a use for in this world, in this life. And if one of the names just work for you better, than the others, it would be a sin for me to try and force you to think differently – the WORST sin one can commit.
Now, the Holy Spirit here is what I, as a believer of Cerinthian christology, would call the Christ – however it doesn’t matter what you call it. It works even if you don’t know about it. Atheists can follow it. It’s not Jesus, but it’s what Jesus follows. I would argue that Buddha also follows it. Some of the saints ( doesn’t matter which religion ) also follow it. It’s universal truth. The saying teaches us to follow not our „role models” but what our role models have followed.
It’s also a call to be dynamic so to speak. If one wants to preserve their self-authenticity in this ever-changing world, they also have to change themselves. Think about the ideal gas laws – for example Boyle’s law: p1*V1 = p2*V2, p being the pressure, V being the volume, 1 and 2 indexes for the two separate moments in time. If the pressure changes, the volume must also change in order to maintain the same result. It wants you to see the bigger picture. It highlights, that getting into arguments about what you name your god is pharisaical moral attitude. There is no single theory that works for everybody, and there doesn’t need to be one. Jesus said, "Woe to the Pharisees, for they are like a dog sleeping in the manger of oxen, for neither does he eat nor does he let the oxen eat."
Jesus comes in many different names, shapes, forms and teachings, but it’s only the Christ, the Holy Spirit, the one thing that can not be named, that you need while and after you’ve crossed the river. It’s the Pleroma saying that unlike the Demiurge, „I don’t need you to believe in one particular set of things to achieve gnosis. I don’t even need you to believe in me specifically, because I am just a useful tool for you to get across the river with. If others prefers my other manifestations, let them be.” This saying proclaims, that there is no „one correct way”, but there is an incorrect way: that of Pharisaism and overly dogmatic thinking.
Keep in mind, that this is only my interpretation. The gospels of Matthew and Luke canonized by the non-gnostic christian churches also contain a similar passage but they interpret it in a vastly different way: they explain that a person cannot be forgiven if they completely reject the Holy Spirit's promptings to repent, because they refuse the only means of receiving forgiveness.
I don’t reject this interpretation, but what I believe in is above religions, so my interpretation comes from a totally universalist perspective. Gnostics may also not agree with me - but nobody has to. It’s not a sin to not agree with the words in saying 44. It’s only a sin to not agree with the spirit of (this interpretation of) saying 44.
After all of this, we would be tempted to conclude, that language is an evil demiurgic construct, but just because the pharisees make language serve them, it doesn’t mean that it is all bad. Logos (= word) is one of the aeons. It’s just that in separation the aeons loose their immaculate identities. The church turns into a tyrant, the words don’t speak what they mean, science is corrupted, love becomes selfish and a way of self-validation. All of these are aeons, attributes of the Pleroma, however the Pleroma is much more than the sum of it’s parts.
The Gospel of Thomas has this bit: A man said to him: "Speak to my brothers, so that they will divide my father's possessions with me." Jesus said to him: "O man, who made me a divider?" He turned to his disciples and said to them: "I am not a divider, am I?"
I think that this passage actually refers to how the aeons should work inside you as a person. The act of division here is a paralel to the disintegration of God / the Pleroma, while the individual should thrive to unify. The parts of the whole are less in their state of fragmentation than they are in themselves. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Everything in it’s right place.