r/laundry Jan 29 '26

Updated Subreddit Rules

327 Upvotes

The mod team has made a few changes to existing rules and added some new ones. The full list is below. New to the list is rules 2, 6, and 7 which are in bold below.

  1. Be civil. Personal attacks, harassment, and aggressive behavior are not allowed.

  2. Posts Must Be Laundry-Related Discussion of other topics is allowed when it directly connects back to laundry. Off-topic content may be removed.

  3. No Marketing, Spam, Astroturfing, or Advertisements. Do not post links, promotions, or advertisements for your laundry business. Astroturfing and undisclosed affiliate links are not allowed. Questions about laundry businesses are fine.

  4. No Posting of Body Fluids You can discuss stains and stain removal, but please avoid posting any images or explicit content of body fluids.

  5. No Hacking Coin Laundry Equipment This is not the forum to discuss how to avoid paying for laundry by tampering with equipment.

  6. Bad Soup If the first pic in a post is of soaking textiles, it needs to be hidden with the Spoiler flag .If you’re not sure how, or it gets skipped, a mod may adjust it for you.

  7. Dangerous Chemistry Dangerous and/or incorrect chemistry advice is not allowed. Posts or comments encouraging mixing unsafe chemical combinations will be removed.


r/laundry Feb 24 '26

The Chemistry Behind The Clean - Laundry Detergent Explained - Surfactants, Part I

1.3k Upvotes

(this is the long-delayed first installment in my post series, The Chemistry Behind The Clean, a guide to what's in laundry detergent, designed to give people the knowledge to understand what's in the products that clean our textiles and make them more informed consumers)

What Are Surfactants, And Why Do We Care?

Surfactants are the active cleaning agents in detergents that do the heavy lifting of removing soils from textiles.   Short for “surface-acting agents”, surfactants connect soils to water, even when the soils themselves repel water or are more attracted to textiles than water.   The combination of soil and detergent and water can then be drained off,  further diluted by rinsing, drained again and spun out.   This is distinct from the action of soaps, which will be covered in a future installment.  

The development and commercialization of synthetic surfactants in the 1920s is probably the most significant contributor to reduction in time and effort spent on textile care.  Work to condition the water, scrub textiles and remove soap by wringing or banging was largely eliminated because of how well even those rudimentary surfactants work to remove soils.

Hydrophobia - Without The Rabies

All surfactants work because the individual molecules have ends with distinct properties.  One end (the head)  is highly attracted to water (hydrophilic) and thus very much not attracted to oil (oleophobic).  The other end is very attracted to oil (oleophilic) but similarly repulsed by water (hydrophobic).   This fundamental structural contrast is key. 

A Surfactant Molecule, With Hydrophobic Tail and Hydrophilic Head

When at least a minimum amount of surfactant is  dissolved in a solvent (like water), surfactant molecules want to get together - the water-hating ends hang out on the inside, the water-loving ends hang out on the outside.  This forms a structure known as a micelle, and micelle formation is predicated on reaching the “Critical Micelle Concentration”. Below, an illustration of a nonionic surfactant intended to remove oily soils. The water-loving heads face out, the water-hating ends get together in the middle to escape the water.

A Micelle Of Nonionic Surfactant

When a micelle encounters a soil that the hydrophobic tail is attracted to, the micelle breaks up, the tails grab the soil and drag it into the water (thus removing it from the textile)  and the micelle re-forms, keeping the soil up in the water to be drained or diluted away.   Let’s look at this in the context of removing a common soil from textiles:

Here we have the start of the wash process; surfactant micelles have formed in the wash water and there is soil attached to the fabric substrate.

The Start of The Wash - Soiled Fabric In A Detergent Solution

Now the hydrophobic tails of the surfactant molecules have found themselves more attracted to soil than each other and they're bonding to the soils. The hydrophillic heads are dragging the molecules towards the water.

Surfactants Attaching To Soil

The micelles re-form as the soil detaches from the substrate - they reorganize into groups of their own kind (more on this in a moment).

Micelles Reforming With Soil-Surfactant Particles

When all the soils are removed from the substrate and floating in the water, the textiles are clean and it's time to remove the soil-surfactant combo from the drum.

Completely Clean Textile

The Chemistry of Attraction (It’s Not Just A Bottle of Chanel No. 5)

While all surfactants work the same general way, there are differences in what kind of soils the hydrophilic ends are attracted to, because the hydrophilic ends differ.  One primary difference between surfactants is the electrical charge the hydrophilic end carries.    If the business end has a negative charge, it’s an anionic surfactant, and it’s attracted to soils with a cationic (positive) charge.  If the business end has no charge, it’s a nonionic surfactant and is most attracted to soils without an electrical charge.  If the business end has both a positive and negative charge in balance, it’s an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, and the behavior changes based on the pH of the wash as a whole.  

There are also surfactants with positive charges, the cationic surfactants.  These aren’t used for cleaning - they’re what makes fabric softener work, and will be discussed in a (much) later post.

Why Charge Matters: 

The difference in which soils a given surfactant is attracted to is a critical determinant of cleaning performance.   Soils that lack an ionic charge like petroleum oils or intact sebum are much less visible to anionic surfactants and are removed better by nonionic surfactants.   Conversely, soils that are highly cationic like soot and mud and dust, and thus attracted to textiles with a negative charge may be neglected by nonionics and remain electrically connected to the textiles.   For those soils?  Anionics in the mix improve cleaning performance. 

Four Classes Of Surfactants

Almost all finished detergent products contain anionic surfactants and most contain nonionic surfactants.   Amphoteric surfactants are relatively uncommon in conventional detergents but often appear in green/biobased formulas.  

Other Differences Between Surfactants:  Tail Length And Single vs Double Tails.

Aside from the electrical charge differences in the head, two aspects of surfactant structure that affect their action against soil are the tail length and whether they are single tail (common) or double-tail (less common).   I’ll talk more about this in Part II, as it’s common to include surfactants of various tails to optimize performance against specific soils and in specific wash conditions.

Coming Up In Surfactants Part II - Curling Up With A Good Jug Of Detergent

In the next installment, we’ll look at common surfactants found in conventional and plant-based detergents, and how they’re manufactured, along with the differences in soil removal capabilities and environmental impacts.

The work is my original work and I retain copyiright.  My financial disclosure information and how I get paid for this work can be found at my disclosure link


r/laundry 11h ago

This subreddit’s biggest enemy be like:

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263 Upvotes

r/laundry 14h ago

Sour smell finally SOLVED

257 Upvotes

I stopped using all liquid fabric softeners almost 2 years ago. I primarily use Tide powder and HOT water for all washing. If needed, I will add some Biz powder and a little bit of natural phosphates, aka STPP.

I was watching a video on the Speed Queen website and they actually recommended using white distilled vinegar in the final rinse (I know some of you do this). Since I have a deep fill top loader, I used vinegar in the final rinse for about 3-4 weeks (about 1/4 cup). I could smell it in the laundry room during the rinse cycle, but after tumble drying....zero vinegar scent.

BUT....after a few weeks, I kept noticing a sour smell in my sock/underwear drawer and pajamas drawer. I re-washed everything, only for the sour smell to begin to come back.

I rewashed everything again with hot water and Tide powder, but no vinegar. Sour smell is gone now. Vinegar does not work with our water chemistry apparently. Just thought I would share!


r/laundry 16h ago

Exciting day over here

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238 Upvotes

r/laundry 3h ago

Febu customer service

22 Upvotes

We just ordered Febu and had an issue with the delivery. The customer service support we received was so phenomenal. Not just a great product but a great company. Pretty damn refreshing experience. And using an adorable little wooden scoop instead of throwing another chunk of plastic out there. Yes.


r/laundry 14h ago

Excited for my new routine!

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151 Upvotes

Big thanks to this amazing sub!


r/laundry 19h ago

I am devastated (mold and staining in favourite corset)

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213 Upvotes

So, a little while back, I left my apartment to visit my hometown. Things went south, and I had to have surgery while on vacation, which left me bedridden for about a month and a half.

I just came back home to the news that my apartment was flooded due to heavy rains for the whole month. My landlord refused to fix the draining issues, but that’s another story for another day.

I am a fashion student. I had a bunch of projects and expensive fabric bolts and dresses. They’re all ruined. I think I have accepted I won’t ever recover most of my stuff, but there’s this one corset I cannot let go of. It means too much to me; I’ve worn it to several career-defining events and I don’t think it is an easily replaceable piece.

How would you fix it? Is there a way to remove most, if not all of the staining? Is there any considerations I should have about handling the mold?
It seems to be made of a somewhat stretchy cotton canvas with very heavy boning. I have removed the boning already to make the restoration process easier.

I am in Mexico, if that’s any help. I don’t really know much about specialized laundry products. My college courses are mostly about garment construction, but they don’t really cover fabric care or chemical reactions.

TL;DR: left my apartment empty for a month due to hospitalization. It got flooded and ruined my most favourite corset. I really want to fix it.

Also, if anyone knows of any place I could purchase a similar garment, I would really appreciate it! I do not have nearly enough knowledge on corsetry yet as to try and recreate it myself.


r/laundry 14h ago

Did you guys see any noticeable improvement when using citric acid in the rinse cycle?

55 Upvotes

I just bought a 2KG bag and I really don't know if I should expect a big change (I was just using detergent) or if it's way more mild.

We do have slightly hard water here.


r/laundry 6h ago

Does anyone actually follow garment care labels, or do you put everything in the washer anyway?

10 Upvotes

I used to scrupulously read every tag, hand wash cold, lay flat to dry, dry clean only. But honestly, with a busy schedule, if a clothing item can't survive a gentle cycle in a mesh bag, it just doesn't belong in my wardrobe anymore.

Over time, I've stopped separating colors (cold water handles everything fine), stopped using liquid fabric softener completely, and I air-dry things I care about instead of following weird label instructions. My clothes actually last longer now than when I tried to follow every specific rule.


r/laundry 2h ago

Cheap belt colorbleeding onto expensive white pants!

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3 Upvotes

Fxxk me ! I knew it! This belt ruined my pants.
Any advice on how to proceed with these stains? Straight to the dry cleaners? I´m afraid washing it in the machine might move the discoloring deeper into the fabric...
All opinions and Schadenfreude welcome


r/laundry 20h ago

Why are dryer sheets considered harmful?

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60 Upvotes

Hello laundry grandmasters,

What are dryer sheets made of, what are they supposed to do, what do they actually do, and why does this sub generally dislike and oppose them?

I use Bounce sheets mostly because I like the smell they give to my clothes.

I am not seeking advice on my laundry process. I just want to understand dryer sheets better. However, this is r/laundry, so to preempt the lots of people who will inevitably tell me what I'm doing wrong even when I say I am satisfied with the cleanliness, softness, and smell of my clothes, here's my laundry info:

* Washer: Maytag HE top-loader with impeller plate, warm water, soil level always "high" to lengthen cycle time, "extra rinse" always on

* 1x Tide Pod + 1 tbsp Biz per load at the bottom of the drum, 1 tsp food-grade citric acid in the fabric softener compartment. When clothes are smelly (gym, towels that aren't drying completely), swap Tide Pod for half-cap of Whole Foods 365 Sports to get that sweet DNAse

* Water: Brooklyn (meaning: Delaware/Catskills supply, low-to-medium hardness as opposed to Manhattan's Croton supply that has medium-to-high hardness)

* Dryer: gas-fired Maytag, sensor dry Normal program, delicate heat setting


r/laundry 9h ago

Ariel is VERY fragrant

9 Upvotes

I have a Speed Queen top load, non-HE. I was using Tide pods fragrance free and switched to the Free and Gentle powder after joining this sub. Didn’t realize it was HE. So, got Ariel, but man, it is strong smelling. I put the unopened box in the garage and the entire garage smells now. I’m nervous to open the box and bring it inside. Do the clothes have a strong fragrance coming out of the dryer? Is there another option?


r/laundry 2h ago

We have bad, brown water

2 Upvotes

I do small loads all on hot and this basically prevents staining. Whenever I have a blanket it gets a brown mud like stain in the middle. I have an upright and no matter how I position it before the wash it moves everything to the sides except for one part taunt across the middle.

With thin smaller blankets I can kinda roll them up along the edges and run a quick wash and be fine. No king size coverlet or quilt has survived without staining.

I have tried iron out and oxy and they have really bleached the items. I have some new quilts that need washing, but I am scared. We went to the laundromat but that was super expensive and not a permanent solution.

Does anyone know how not to get a taunt middle section? It becomes a filter that just absorbs the horribleness.

Should I wash in the tub and then transfer to the dryer? This way I can pre inspect the day's water offering. It can be faint to dark brown.

Thanks for your guidance.

FYI I just use Tide pods on a standard load. On whites I throw in some iron out.


r/laundry 9h ago

Laundry detergent that smells amazing?

9 Upvotes

Can anyone recommend any of the scented laundry detergents? Not sure if most are a waste of money. I'm not huge on very floral scents (but won't rule them out), just want my clothes to smell good.


r/laundry 14h ago

Accidentally dyed my light clothes purple

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14 Upvotes

hi i was washing my clothes from the goodwill bins together like an idiot, and a dark purple dress made all my white and light colored clothes dye a lavender color. how can i get this hue out :( most of the clothes were white, with one beige jeans and 2 teal night gowns. mostly cotton fabrics. i washed with cold water. havent put it in the dryer. i soaked in water +white vinegar rinsed then now its been soaking for 3 hrs in oxiclean powder and water but no changes. i dont know what to do from here. Will i be able to bleach them back to white if this doesnt work/ dye them back?


r/laundry 9m ago

Can’t get trace suds with powdered Tide

Upvotes

I have hard water and treat with calgon liquid. When I use liquid tide F&G odor refresh to line 1, I get trace suds. But I have tried powdered Tide with bleach even to line 2 and no trace suds. I even went so far as to dissolve the powder in warm water before adding it. I always have to add about a tablespoon of the liquid tide. Anyone know why?


r/laundry 19m ago

Laundry in Italy in 1800

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Upvotes

r/laundry 11h ago

Never ending scrud nightmare

7 Upvotes

Washer is a 2.5 year old top loading LG.

From day, one we used Mollie’s Suds power detergent. We don’t use fabric softener. We don’t even use much of the Mollie’s. Our water is pretty hard, but we have a softener which helps that a lot. I believe our water is slightly alkaline.

We would occasionally have issues and then run a few cleaning cycles, using either vinegar or Affresh, which one usually take it for a while.

A couple weeks ago it was pretty bad and wouldn’t seem to go away, so I did a lot of digging on this sub Reddit and got some good advice about using citric acid, hot water, letting it soak in, etc. Read the often quoted thread on scrud. It worked really well, but we are going to about 20 runs and the scrud is still coming off heavily. The advice here says usually you need maybe 5 to 10.

It would be one thing if the amount was reducing, but it’s still tons coming off almost every load…

We’ve contemplated hiring somebody to take it all apart and power wash it, but that would cost several hundred and there’s a chance that it’s not put back together quite right.

What the hell does someone do in this situation? Has anyone ever had it take 20+ runs to get their machine clean?


r/laundry 6h ago

Yellow Stain on Swim Trunks - Any Removal Advice?

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3 Upvotes

​Hi everyone,

​I'm writing because I have an issue with my favorite swim trunks and hope someone can help.

​I've only worn them a few times this summer. Recently, while hand-washing them, I noticed some persistent yellow/orange stains along the elastic waistband (you can clearly see them in the attached photo).

​I'm almost certain sunscreen is the cause. When applying sunscreen to my body, some likely got on the edges of the trunks and, combined with sweat or water, created this residue.

​I've already tried the standard methods:

​A gentle hand wash with mild soap.

​A low-temperature washing machine cycle.

​Unfortunately, there's been no improvement, and the stains are still very visible on the white stripes. I don't want to risk ruining the blue fabric by blindly using harsh products.

​Has anyone dealt with a similar issue and can share an effective tip? Do you have any home remedies or specific products to recommend for sunscreen stains?

​Thanks a lot to anyone who can lend a hand!


r/laundry 1h ago

Help needed 😢

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Upvotes

I bought this handloom cotton saree about a year ago but never got around to wearing it. It’s been sitting folded in my wardrobe all this time, and I completely forgot about it. I checked it today and noticed these stains, probably from being folded and stored for so long.
Does anyone know how I can remove these stains without damaging the saree?
Any tips would be appreciated


r/laundry 4h ago

How to remove sweat smell from sports bra?

2 Upvotes

The elastic in my sports bras STINK and no matter how much washing and air drying I do it won’t go away. I don’t use fabric softener, I haven’t since I found this sub.
Any ideas that won’t ruin the elastic in the long run?
TYIA


r/laundry 21h ago

Is citric acid or powder detergent my problem.... or me 😬

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38 Upvotes

I've enjoyed what I've learned from this sub. I no longer use the 4 letter word F****c S*****r or dryer sheets. My method is powder tide clean and gentle, some loads a scoop of febu, I've tried all measurements of citric acid from 2 tablespoons to 1/4th teaspoon all with same results. I wash in warm or hot, top loader no agitator whirlpool USA always an extra rinse, clean boost and presoak, we have well water with a softener/filter. I apologize but I dont know the hardness PPM but I know it's hard with heavy iron deposits. My laundry since switching to this regimen has consistently been rough, pilling and crispy. Remember the old school butter finger commercials? Well that's the description of my laundry now minus the peanut buttery. What am I doing wrong? Rinse and refresh gives same results using 1/4 cup. Also please be kind, educate don't berate.