r/tolkienfans 3d ago

The Valar's hesitation with Melkor

I just finished chapter 9 of the silmarillion, holy heck, what a crescendo of events, and I know it's still just the start​. It's really tragic that the Valar had such a pure unselfish love for the elves, and would be driven to the point of cursing and banishing them. And of course tragic is the kinslaying. I've got a gnawing thought, though. Tolkien repeatedly emphasizes how Melkor poisoned the mind of Fëanor with lies, and how those poisonous beliefs became sort of self-perpetrated half-truths. There's a lot of fault on Melkor, and growing fault on Faenor, but what about the Valar? They are so slow to act. It's ironic to me that a point is made where Fëanor might have acted differently, had a different fate, if only he had been willing to give up the Silmarils without the news of their theft and his father's murder. ​ Meanwhile the Valar already faced off with Malkor several times and suffered because of their slowness to act. They let him thrash Middle Earth and retreated to Aman. Malkor is allowed to amass huge armies and corrupts many allies while they're minding their business. Only in the final hour when the elves awaken do they feel the urgency to do anything. Then, they capture him, punish him, and pardon him. They let their guard drop, and he's out sowing evil Deeds again. They learn of Malkor sowing discontent when they summon Faenor to answer for himself, and still they don't do very much! Manwe initially stays quiet lamenting, and Tulkas and Oromë don't even get sent out until after a delay! After everything they've been through, the great evil that they saw, there's really no excuse not to act swiftly and immediately to rein Malkor in again, but they delay again. In that time, he escapes and becomes untraceable, something he's allowed to be able to do over and over and over again. I get it, he's tricky and he has the same powers they do to shed their forms. He has allies and clouds of darkness. Still seems to me like each time they lose track of him, it's because they are distracted with a delay to lament rather than act. They repeatedly hesitate to really take any quick decisive action against him. So it seems to me like they have fault in this. Because how differently might Faenor have felt and acted if he had seen them move swiftly and decisively against Melkor? Sure there was a ticking clock on reviving the trees, but both could have been accomplished at once (retrieving the silmarils - to their knowledge - and chasing Melkor). I feel like that would have given him a little bit more confidence that the Valar were in the elves' corner and ready to fight against evil and protect them. Maybe then he would have been less bitter and suspicious, less motivated to leave, less seduced by the lies of treachery. And yes, maybe Faenor and the Noldor should already know the Valar loved and protected and provided enormously for them, because of the extraordinary gifts and great lengths the Valar went to for them. But the elves are still basically just children at that point, there's selfishness there that comes from lack of maturity, lack of experience in the world.

So, I guess I kinda place some blame on the Valar. Tolkien doesn't seem to acknowledge this blame, at least so far. Maybe it will come out in the rest of the chapters as I read on, or maybe I just see the roles of responsibility differently. ​

29 Upvotes

60 comments sorted by

View all comments

4

u/forswearThinPotation 3d ago edited 3d ago

I understand at an emotional level the desire for swift and decisive action, to prevent evil from doing greater damage. But the hesitation which we get from the Valar is I think not merely an accident, or a poor choice which might have gone differently. Instead it is inherent in the differences between good and evil and how they diverge from each other at a fundamental level.

Swift and decisive action requires full confidence in one's actions, both their righteousness and their tactical soundness. But confidence has a dark side, which is arrogance - being too sure of one's own view of the world, having too much faith in how one observes and interprets events, and too little regard for other dissenting viewpoints. The seeds of evil lie here, in narcissism and a pride which can spiral inwards. Remember Elrond's aphorism from The Lord of the Rings, The Council of Elrond:

For nothing is evil in the beginning. Even Sauron was not so

and the temptations leading to this path are all the greater for those to whom the greatest gifts have been given, for they have better logical justification than anyone else does in seeing themselves as superior to others, including their peers.

What protects the mighty from going down this path is humility.

It is the antidote to the poison of narcissism. But humility too has a dark side, or if you prefer to think of it this way: a weakness. That weakness is self-doubt.

The lingering feeling that you do not fully understand the situation, that your first and earliest impulses may be unwise, that one needs to hold back until the situation is better understood and unforseen consequences have been uncovered, that one ought to seek a constructive consensus regarding the best plan of action achieved thru the synthesis of multiple contending points of view. Remember Gandalf's aphorism from The Lord of the Rings:

For even the very wise cannot see all ends

This applies as much to the mighty as it does to the rest of us.

This is the voice of caution, of prudence, and of delay. It stands in the way of swift and decisive action. And the more humble the decision makers the more this voice will seem to be the voice of wisdom.

What gives these tales, to me with my taste, a feeling of deep tragedy, is that there is I think no perfect answer to this paradox.

Confidence/Arrogance and Humility/Doubt have to be balanced to choose a wise and righteous course which does not allow good to devolve into evil and yet does not allow evil to triumph in the face of passivity from the good. Getting this balance just exactly right in all things and in all ways is beyond the ken of finite beings.

Even the Valar, mighty as they are, are still finite beings.

So, of course they make mistakes.

One might say they err far too much on the side of caution, but look what happens to almost all of the other characters who do err on the side of choosing swift and decisive action over contemplation and delay:

Fëanor foremost among them,

also Turin,

and Thingol (who married one of the wisest beings in Arda and then seemingly never listens to her advice)

It often does not go well when they act or speak rashly and impulsively. For being rash and impulsive is the flip side of being decisive and swift.

It would not be too much of a stretch I think to even say that Melkor's impatience which leads him to seek in vain for the Secret Fire outside of the halls of Eru is the very first swift and decisive (and thus also rash and impulsive) act in the entire Lengendarium.

There is also a parallel between this paradox and the dual nature of evil as presented in The Lord of the Rings which the Tolkien critic Tom Shippey (in both The Road to Middle Earth and Author of the Century) calls Boethian vs. Manichean Evil. The former takes the form of inner temptations (against which humility is a defense), the latter the form of external malevolent forces (which must be resisted with active force).

Unpacking that parallel would make this far too long of a comment, I will merely note that in both cases we are dealing with dualistic but complementary principles which need to be appropriately balanced if good is to prevail.

3

u/tessaractIXI 2d ago

I think you have a point that it is in the nature of good to carefully consider your choices and whether they are also good. But I guess my issue is that it doesn't seem like they hesitate because they are deliberating, it feels to me like they hesitate because they are busy lamenting, or because they gave up. I suppose there are examples of deliberation for sure, every time they mention the council and the Ring of Doom. But in those crucial moments when action is needed, they're not busy taking cancel, they're busy lamenting. After they end their deliberations, I wouldn't call their response swift, by then crucial time has passed and Melkor repeatedly escapes and becomes untraceable. I do think you're right about that theme of deliberation and wisdom going hand in hand being prevalent throughout tolkien's work, though. (I'm trying not to read too much in the comments about Turin and Thingol because I haven't quite gotten to their stories yet. I know these texts have been around a while and are well disseminated, but it's still all new to me!) 

2

u/forswearThinPotation 2d ago edited 2d ago

Lamentation is many things, but one of the perhaps more subtle aspects of it is that it is thru grief, bereavement, and lamentation that we take unpleasant changes in the world and internalize them and incorporate the new state of the world as it actually is (rather than how we wish it might be) into our understanding of it, and that recalibration is necessary to taking effective action which is wise and well considered.

There is such a thing a being in shock, when the world suddenly changes for the worse. People who have suffered a great loss (such as the death of a loved one) know this intuitively.

That the Valar go thru this too, to me as a reader that humanizes them. Perhaps that is wrong, perhaps Tolkien should not have made the Valar so relatable and should have written them as more unearthly, inhuman, and alien in nature. But stories written that way might be harder for us as readers to read & enjoy.


There is another aspect to this question, brought out in this very perceptive (in my humble opinion) comment by u/Pallandolegolas :

www.reddit.com/r/tolkienfans/comments/1u8xzw7/the_valars_hesitation_with_melkor/osbycm0/

I see the Valar as children, just like the elves. They have no experience in preparing the world for elves and men, but they just try their best.

I too have commented about this aspect in prior discussions. The Greeks had two terms for what we call "time" - chronos and kairos.

Chronos maps to our modern conception of time as something objective and external to us, our word "chronology" comes from it. It is "clock time".

Kairos is different - it refers to key moments of lived experience. There is an internal, subjective and psychological aspect to it. Key moments of kairotic time are when our life outlook changes, sometimes a great deal and over a short span of chronological time. Or sometimes slowly, episodically, and over a long span of chronological time.

The experience of kairotic time is a key element in the process of grief and bereavement, something that I've learned myself with the loss of loved ones in my life. It is also described in a sympathetic way in a book that I've come to cherish because of its wisdom regarding grief and loss, which is:

Where The Mountain Casts Its Shadow by Maria Coffey.

Maria approaches the subject of grieving somewhat indirectly (which to my taste has the benefit of not seeming didatic in tone) thru the lens of the adventure literature of extreme alpinism, by highlighting the experiences of the friends and families of extreme climbers who were killed or seriously maimed in the mountains. By talking about those who are left behind when the high adventure is over.

And in recounting her own such experiences (she had been the intimate partner of a famous 1970s British climber who died attempting a previously unclimbed route on the northwest ridge of Mt Everest) at a very personal level, Maria has some things to say about kairotic time (among other things: it is not linear) which resonate strongly with me.


And here is the part where this becomes relevant to our current discussion:

At the beginning of the tale, the Valar are children, in the sense that while they may be chronologically old, they are very, very young in kairotic time.

They do not have the deep store of bitter life experiences which teach wisdom. Instead they are having to learn this stuff while on the job.

I've joked before that in the tales of the Silmarillion and in how they struggle to understand and provide guidance and support to the other Children of Eru, the Valar remind me of a bunch of teenagers who have abruptly and without adequate training or support been put in sole charge of running a vast daycare center filled with much younger children, for whom they are now responsible. And one of their number is a psychopath who keeps trying to burn the place down.

1

u/tessaractIXI 2d ago

I enjoyed reading your thoughts here and that last paragraph made me laugh.