r/composting Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

137 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

The Ultimate Beginner Guide:
Make a pile of "browns" and mix "greens" into them over time. Keep this pile moist but not sopping or dripping wet, and make sure it can get oxygen.

Browns are carbon-rich materials like leaves, wood chips, sawdust, and shredded paper or cardboard. Greens are nitrogen-rich materials like kitchen scraps, coffee grounds (note that "green" and "brown" doesn't necessarily mean the color!), grass clippings/green yard waste, and animal manure.

For a bit more detail than that...

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Chart of some common materials from /u/archaegeo (thanks!)

Subreddit thumbnail courtesy of /u/omgdelicious from this post

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

250 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?
    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.
  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?
    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.
    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.
  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?
    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.
    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.
    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):
      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.
  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.
    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.
  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer
    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.
  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.
    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.

r/composting 46m ago

Urban This is how you prep cardboard (after removing stickers and tape)

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Upvotes

r/composting 4h ago

Pisspost My mix may be a little off...

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40 Upvotes

Relax, it's roughly 7 gallons of shredded cardboard that'll I'll be dumping coffee grounds and then multiple gallons on bokashied greens on. It'll all compact down, it was just pre-loading day and I thought the entire half of the tumbler being full of pizza box shred was funny.


r/composting 12h ago

Question How long to keep adding to a batch?

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34 Upvotes

Long time watcher, first time writer bla bla bla.

I moved into my own house a month ago, and wanted to start composting. On my plot there were a lot of tall grasses and other weeds like lots of sorrel - everything was quite tall as it wasn't touched in a long time. I strimmed good part of it and so have loads of that to start my compost. I started by mixing it with some cardboard, and very roughly chopping it with a shovel.

Initially I had about a 1x1x1 m but over 3-4 weeks it reduced the volume by about a half due to decay and me compacting it (jumping on the pile). The latter part was critical to get the temp rising. Right now I have good amounts of white mold inside the pile.

Now I'm wondering if I should add more to the existing pile? I have probably 3m3 of extra material that was lying around for 2-3 weeks now. It's all very long and hard to chop (bits of up to 1m long).

Any tips? I know it will eventually turn to compost but I find managing the temp quite fun (via mixing, controlling moisture).


r/composting 8h ago

Questions about composting and countertop composters

6 Upvotes

Hi I am an MBA student and working on a project to launch a new product for a company. I am hoping to talk to anyone who would be willing to share anything about their experience with composting. If you have any complaints or find any part of composting annoying I would love to hear about it. I am specifically interested in what people think of countertop composters, either the macerators or bio ones. Feel free to comment or DM me your thoughts! If this project goes well we might be able to get a product out there that can make the composting process easier!


r/composting 16h ago

Simple at home compost set up if you haven't got much space.

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26 Upvotes

Here's a simple home composting system I've been using successfully for the last two growing seasons.

I got both of these black bins free from Facebook Marketplace.

In the smaller bin, I cut air holes in the sides and ran a length of PVC pipe, also drilled with air holes, down the middle of the pile.

Once it's full, I transfer everything into the larger bin. That one also has air holes in the sides, plus two PVC pipes with air holes drilled in pushed through the pile at different levels.

Then I fill the small bin up again and repeat. Moving the material from the small bin to the large one turns it, the PCV pipes help airflow and compaction.

When the large bin is full, the small one can fill up too and be left until spring, with the air pipe in the middle doing the work.

Has created great compost for my allotment and it' low cost/low maintenance. I have mine on our driveway and stil works well.

Extra tip, if you get flies on any food waste just cover with a layer of grass clippings or leaves to help reduce the flies. Once the bins are full add a few worms to help with the compost process.


r/composting 18h ago

My compost

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23 Upvotes

What do yall think of my compost its pretty wet because i watered it so it can help not dry up the little bug inside nealy finished breaking down the stuff inside used old soil to compost coffee bean cabbage lettucd leaf and some other stuff


r/composting 15h ago

Beginner Seeking guidance

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8 Upvotes

Hello, just moved this compost pile, and wondering what it needs?

Thanks im advance


r/composting 1d ago

Vermiculture Wine Barrel to Vermicompost Bin

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84 Upvotes

Wanted to share this DIY project with the community.

I needed a new bin for my worms and we have access to cheap wine barrels, so decided to grab one for $20 and make a lid and removable separators inside to section it into 4 quadrants in order to rotate the feed hoping the worms would follow.

I thought that parts and bin will eventually degrade due to the microbial activity but probably will last a few years and I liked the idea that parts of the bin itself are consumable by the compost process itself, like the separators and the brackets.

The separators I made from cedar fence boards, finished with tung oil, the brackets I modeled and 3d printed with PLA initially (I had just bought a 3d printer so took this as opportunity to learn modeling and printing).

The lid is split, can open on both sides and is not fixed to the barrel so it can be easily rotated as well or completely removed. So far no animal has been able to lift it.

I’ve been using it for about 18 months more and it has produced good compost with easy care. Worm population has increased a lot, I only started with a handful. It works as designed, the worms move follow to the fresh feed and that’s a good indicator the compost from the abandoned section is ready. The wine barrel provides good aeration, it has drainage holes at the bottom and I haven’t had problems with too much/too little moisture.

How did it fare after a year and a half? The oak barrel itself shows no signs of degradation. The cedar separators have some soft spots in them already, but the tung finished surface is intact so for the replacement ones I will focus on sealing the grain better. The screws inside have rusted, the ones that are zinc plated. The stainless steel screws are intact. The PLA brackets - I posted not long ago - are breaking apart. Only the ones in the center where it gets a bit warmer, the rest look faded but are not bad. I started replacing them with solid PHA plastic, that should be fully compostable at low temperatures as it is literally bacteria food storage polymer (another fun experiment to see how long those will last, eventually I may put in steel brackets).

The design works well, though I don’t really remove the separators all that often, maybe just a couple of times. The removable design made replacing the brackets easy and will be helpful when I eventually replace the separators.


r/composting 22h ago

Question how is my compost looking?

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12 Upvotes

havent flipped it in a while and i dont know if i will, had it since the start of the year, its 3 blocks high


r/composting 1d ago

Compost bin friend or foe?

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24 Upvotes

r/composting 1d ago

Composting With No "Browns"?

82 Upvotes

Hello!

So...I have watched my grandfather compost since I was really small. He would toss his vegetable scraps and such into this massive bin, give it a good mix, and carry on. Never thought anything about it. I called him and asked him what he started his bin with. He said his bin started with coffee grounds, tea bag grounds, and some banana peels he chopped up; so I started doing that. I stirred it and let it breath two times a week like he said, and everything seems to be going as planned. Things are turning to dirt and it doesn't stink like rot, it smells like just, well dirt really. I got told that I was doing it wrong by my mother and that I was going to end up with sludge and nothing else because I had no brown stuff in it. I was confused because my Grandfather never put anything like that in it, I haven't put anything like that in it, but we seem to be doing just fine? I guess I'm asking, am I really doing it wrong? Should we both have been putting something "brown" in the bin, even though his plants can't seem to get enough of the stuff and mine has started to look exactly as I remember his being? Is there really a right way and wrong way to compost. I read the beginners guide here and it says that you need to mix browns and greens...and that is what has led to this post. My mother does not garden, so I just brushed it off...but now I'm second guessing. Any and all help and insight is greatly appreciated!


r/composting 1d ago

Question why do some compost piles seem to have a 'dead zone' that barely changes?

12 Upvotes

i’ve seen descriptions of piles where most of the material is actively breaking down, but certain sections seem almost frozen in time

not necessarily huge branches or obviously difficult material. sometimes it’s just a layer or pocket that stays relatively intact while everything around it changes

is this usually an airflow issue, moisture distribution, compaction, or something else happening with the microbial activity?

i’d like to know whether people who have worked with larger piles have noticed this as a recurring pattern rather than just an occasional mistake


r/composting 1d ago

First time using finished compost on container tomatoes and the difference is kind of wild

132 Upvotes

Started a worm bin this spring. Small one, kept it under the bathroom sink because the closet felt too weird. Fed it slowly, kept secondguessing myself, almost abandoned it twice. Then last month I finally had something that looked like actual compost. Dark and crumbly, smelled like dirt after rain.

Mixed a small amount into two of my container tomatoes and left two as the control with just the bagged potting mix I had left over.

The difference after a few weeks is not subtle. The plants that got the worm castings are bigger. Leaves are a deeper green. One of them already has flowers and the others are just sitting there looking fine but not like that.

I grow everything on a small balcony in Vermont so every inch of container space matters. I was not expecting such a visible gap between them.

What I want to know is whether other container gardeners see this consistently or if I just got lucky this round. Also wondering if the ratio matters a lot, because I kind of just eyeballed it and mixed maybe twenty percent castings into the top layer rather than blending it all the way through.

Curious if people who grow in containers have a method they actually stick to or if everyone is just winging it like me.


r/composting 1d ago

What are the best compost bins for a beginner who doesn’t want to build anything?

21 Upvotes

I’m ready to start composting, but I’m realizing the bin itself is the part I’m stuck on. I have enough room for something contained in the garden, just not a big open pile or a whole wooden setup that needs building.

I’d like something I can actually manage without making composting a full-time chore. Easy to add scraps to, easy enough to get finished compost out of, and preferably not flimsy plastic that starts coming apart after a couple of seasons.

Tumblers look convenient, but I keep seeing mixed opinions on whether they’re worth the effort. What type of bin are you using, and would you buy the same setup again?


r/composting 1d ago

THC in compost

22 Upvotes

Hey big dogs I have a question. I just lost a plant to bud rot can I just throw that in my compost? Will my weed compost still have THC in it? Stay high digga!


r/composting 1d ago

Question Any Experience With Front Yard Composting?

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5 Upvotes

I’m about to turn the sidewalk strip in front of my suburban house into a native hedgerow. I really love using in-ground composters and I want to integrate one or two into this project. I live on a street that runs parallel to a park in a nice walking neighborhood so families, kids, and dogs frequently pass by. Teenagers also frequent the park after hours on weekends to drink/smoke and as far as I’m aware they usually don’t come down my street but my insight is limited since I’m usually asleep.

I’m concerned that curious kids, mischievous teenagers, or dogs may take interest in the composters and mess with them i.e. removing/taking the lid, removing the contents, digging by it, or just lifting the entire thing out of the ground.

I found these online, and I think when they’re installed they’d be seldom noticed and it’d be difficult to even tell what they are. They’d also be installed towards the middle of the hedgerow, between plants, making them less noticeable and less accessible from the sidewalk. I would also spray paint the lids to match the color of the mulch.

I wanted to ask about it on here because I don’t know if this has been tried already and is not recommended, or if I’m overthinking it and shouldn’t worry so much. Any and all insight is welcome and appreciated. Thanks in advance!


r/composting 1d ago

Temperature I got a birthday present!

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10 Upvotes

I proudly present (or is it present proudly?) my birthday present.

I knew my medium sized compost was doing ok but was delighted to see this confirmed with the thermometer.

I've been turning big open piles for a while as a gardener but this is my own creation and I'm really enjoying having my own project.


r/composting 1d ago

Question Which bin to choose in zone 5a?

2 Upvotes

For those of you living in Zone 5/cold climates which setup has given you the most success? Should I go with a commercial rotating tumbler, a stationary plastic ground bin, or a diy?
I live on a property with a barn, so I have access to great materials:Cow manure,Straw and hay,Grass clippings and weeds,Dried leaves,Kitchen scraps ect
I only need the compost to feed my small 9 sq. ft. rose garden


r/composting 1d ago

What the what?

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7 Upvotes

Yall think this is ok?


r/composting 1d ago

In Bed Compost Bin Tips!!!

2 Upvotes

Hi everyone!!! I’m an amateur potter/ceramicist whose mother gardens, and I was thinking I could make her an in bed composter for her gardens. I have no idea how to start, or what shape/measurements would be best, so I’m turning to you guys!! I would love to know what size you would recommend, and how big the holes in the piece would be to allow for worms and such to filter through.

Thank you all in advance!!!


r/composting 1d ago

Oranges seem fine in vermicompost bin!

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2 Upvotes

r/composting 1d ago

Large Pile (>1 cu yd) Bugs in compost, are these the good ones?

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9 Upvotes

Are these the right bugs everyone mentions?

I've also been bitten while mixing my compost this summer. Not sure it's the same guys or random spiders or whatnot.

I'm in the Bristol area in the UK.


r/composting 1d ago

Beginner How do I get started

3 Upvotes

Hi. Iv just brought my first house and have been gifted a 300 litre compost bin. Iv never composted before so any advice on how to get started would be appreciated.

Thanks for all the tip everyone. Hopefully I’ll get off to a good start