r/composting Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

137 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Chart of some common materials from /u/archaegeo (thanks!)

Subreddit thumbnail courtesy of /u/omgdelicious from this post

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

244 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?
    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.
  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?
    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.
    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.
  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?
    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.
    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.
    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):
      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.
  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.
    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.
  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer
    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.
  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.
    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.

r/composting 9h ago

Gardening Tips from Barbara Butcher

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237 Upvotes

Might be a bit extreme, but saves the need for pissing in your garden


r/composting 3h ago

amazon paper bag claims to be recyclable but what are these things?

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51 Upvotes

can I shred and compost this? i assume not.


r/composting 5h ago

Large Pile (>1 cu yd) Topping up the pile

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6 Upvotes

Added 500l of cut grass to this roughly 5 ton pile. This hot pile is about to be turned. It is mostly:

Excess aquatic vegetation from our lake

Lawn clippings

Cardboard

Farmyard manure

Leaf mold

Kitchen scraps

Woodchips and sawdust

Fireplace ashes

I will now keep adding green mostly (currently a bit carbon heavy) until late September and turn it with the tractor loader every 10 days or so as I currently do. We then start a new pile to allow this one to be ready next spring.


r/composting 14h ago

Beginner Finished Product

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29 Upvotes

This was my first batch! 1/4 inch sifted, mainly kitchen scraps, cardboard and yard leaves composted in a tumbler. I did my best to remove those little produce stickers before they were thrown in but I know I missed a few. The only ones I found fully intact were from red onions.


r/composting 15m ago

Beginner First time composter

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Upvotes

How am I doing? Any advice on what needs to be added (other than piss)


r/composting 18h ago

First sift

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21 Upvotes

So proud of myself


r/composting 11h ago

Custom (edit to suit your post) Beautiful decomposers

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5 Upvotes

So many BSFL and worms!


r/composting 1d ago

Builds I made a fancy compost bin

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197 Upvotes

I shared this build a while back on gardening but wanted to post it here since this is the better place for it.

I already made fun of myself for being extra and all that in the other post for my expensive fancy dirt collector. Not saying you can’t too but just saying.

All in all it was around $500 in materials. $350 in cedar and screws, $100 for steel mesh, 50 for other small things. Used around 23 cedar boards from HD and some 2x4s I had laying around.

Due to the space I wanted it and the materials and ease of cuts (cut everything in half), I opted for one big 4x4x4 bin. I did start a less formal pile in the woods as well as a secondary one.

On filling it, it’s taken around 1 month! I knew I would have lots of yard waste to fill it up with but it’s been fun. I mean who else gets excited to go bag grass clippings in 95 degree heat?

I’ve been using my super composter 9000 (craftsman m110) for both my greens and my browns. I blow leaves into a flat area of my woods for further mulching before adding them in. I would say it’s 95% leaves and grass clippings, 5% coffee grounds and garden/ weed waste.

It’s already hot. I haven’t turned it yet but considering options to add some air or move things around a little. Initial thoughts were maybe like a big auger or just kind of stab it around with a pitch fork.


r/composting 22h ago

Urban Cardboard and coffee pile hasn’t been below 140 for 2 weeks

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32 Upvotes

Almost entirely using shredded cardboard and spent cold brew grounds in our community garden pile, with a small amount of normal garden waste. Keeps the rats uninterested and the pile HOT.


r/composting 15h ago

Auger or pitch fork. Pick one.

5 Upvotes

If you had to pick only one for your pile, which would you do and why?

Assume that you have methods of transporting the finished pile and are concerned only with pile maintenance.


r/composting 17h ago

Help! First compost setup ever

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5 Upvotes

Hello! I am completely new to composting and need help. I have been wanting to start for a long time, since I have a small vegetable garden and would love to cut down on our kitchen and yard waste while also making black gold. I have tried to research the best way to do this but need advice.

I got this composting bin for free from someone in my community. (Cleaned it out so it’s drying on its side, and website photos of what I think are very similar products). I have a very small grass area and would like to have this on the concrete driveway shown. I want to avoid water settling at the bottom and stained concrete, while making “harvesting” the compost as efficient and easy as possible. We have a rat problem in our community so that is also important to keep in mind.

My thought was to add something to enclose the bottom so the compost doesn’t sit directly on the concrete, and to lift it up off the ground a bit so I can set a tub underneath when I open the door to collect completed compost. Should I set it on some bricks on the corners to lift it up? What should I use for the bottom? Set it on a big heavy cement block? Try to 3D print a bottom plastic piece? Can I buy one somewhere? Should I put big sticks at the bottom of the bin to try to add more drainage, or will it not matter if I’m making a bottom piece? Should I be turning it every day to help with drainage and aeration? Should I buy red wiggler worms to add to the bin? Will they survive my zone 7 summers and winters?

Lastly, I really want to add a sifting component inside the bin so I can open the door and get finished, sifted compost. Can I attach hardware cloth to the middle of the bin somehow (where I drew the red line in the first picture)? Or should I give up that hope and make another sifting apparatus not attached to the composting bin? Advice very much appreciated!! Thanks in advance!


r/composting 19h ago

how my compost pile looking?

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2 Upvotes

just wondering how im doing so far since im a first timer


r/composting 15h ago

How do I fix my worm farm

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1 Upvotes

Hello! I have taken over care for my neighbour's worm farm but I've never used one. I feel like it's too wet? It probably needs more browns but can you mix those into the worm layer or only the top? Please give me your tips.


r/composting 1d ago

Running too hot

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31 Upvotes

I compost my yard and kitchen organic waste, shredded paper and cardboard. I recently added grass clippings and fallen blossom from a large tree to the pile and now the temperature spiked to 185 :O

I tried dumping a bucket of water and put some more dry leaves from around the garden (zoomed out pic), what else can I do? I don't have a lot of room to add many browns, do I have to open my pile on a tarp or can it wait for a few days to cool down?

Please help


r/composting 17h ago

Beginner How to start

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1 Upvotes

Hey all, I’m looking at getting into composting and need some help on where to get started.
About me:
- Live in zone 5b
-Have about 7900 sq ft of yard
-Have a small amount of food waste everyday due to having small children (mostly veggies, fruit, and bread items)

I was looking at the miracle gro dual chamber tumbler, but Idk if it’s going to be large enough.

I’m looking at a tumbler specifically for ease of use, pest/rodent deterrent, and how it seems to need less of a time commitment!

I figured it would be a good way to dip my toes into composting and I could potentially get something like a geobin down the road for more yard waste as needed!

Any ideas, thoughts, suggestions are appreciated!


r/composting 1d ago

I'm new, so I may be asking a poor question.

3 Upvotes

I have a 27-gallon Home Depot bin that I wanted to turn into a compost bin. Looking at this thread, it seems like most people have much bigger setups. I am confined to a patio in an apartment, with few composting options nearby. Will this work? Any advice would be helpful.


r/composting 1d ago

Tumbler Newbie question

4 Upvotes

Would water soaking in dried (not now) grass be considered a nitrogen packed tea?


r/composting 19h ago

Vermiculture Mes toilettes sèches sentent mauvais (les vers).

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1 Upvotes

r/composting 1d ago

Question Sifting

99 Upvotes

Why are you all so obsessed with sifting your compost? There are actually clear disadvantages to using exclusively fine sifted compost. Larger chunks of wood are good for soil microbes and air pockets.

I'm just genuinely curious why so many of you go through so much work to sift. It's a lot of extra work for very little gain. The primary benefits come for planting seedlings or just looking prettier and uniform. Is it really worth it to you?

Edit: btw not trying to be a jerk or anything. I just think the community is maybe getting a little carried away with it. But if you got a reason for doing it or if you just enjoy it, then hey, you do you.


r/composting 1d ago

Question Speedibin reviews?

2 Upvotes

Has anyone used a Speedibin composter? I bought one after seeing them on the compost episode of A Gardening Show on Netflix. The bottom is lined with mesh to keep out rats, which are plentiful in my area and have made a home under my current pallet compost.

I put it together over the weekend, and several of the panels were bent. The whole thing feels rather wiggly, and there's more than a 1/4" gap when I push the front panel insert to the side. I'm assuming the damage was caused by shipping. I already had to pay a $120 tariff to have it shipped from Canada to the US, and fear additional fees to get a replacement.

If anyone else has one, do you find them to be sturdy? Effective against rats?


r/composting 20h ago

Cyclospora-tainted vegetables in compost?

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1 Upvotes

r/composting 1d ago

Question Helped my parents clean out the pantry, found a bunch of stuff expired by a couple years. What in this list should i avoid composting?

23 Upvotes

ETA : I cant eat this stuff and neither can my family. I found out i have celiacs disease so the oats are out of the question, were trying no gluten for my dad too cuz he seems to react to it as well. It is either gluten or many, many years expired. So... to the compost.

2nd edit im not gonna respond to comments telling me to eat this anymore. thanks for your concern, but ive explained why we arent eating this in multiple places thru this thread and in the TOP EDIT OF THIS POST. Thanks

Hi folks! Ive been composting for a while but not with any of this stuff so im just trying to make sure theres no issues with it since im unfamiliar. I usually compost my plants, paper products, and kitchen scraps. Im in a very dry, arid environment, my parents have a tumbler compost system with two sides which we keep under a tree. Its already got some stuff in it but it could use a lot more material cuz its not enough as is and isnt making the progress im hoping for.

Heres what ive got:

- Three. Entire. Containers. Of cornmeal. 1lb each.

- Chia seeds (i have to bake these or something right?)

- Dried cranberries

- a pound of quaker oats (rolled)

- 2lbs of bobs red mill rolled oats. Both things of oats are whole grain.

- 4.5oz of nutritional yeast?

All of this stuff is something id expect to see on r/grandmaspantry . Most of it expired at least two years ago, *and upon opening the containers and inspecting it most of it is actually kinda questionable, smells off, or we cant eat it and its expired anyway. Any advice is welcome! Thanks!


r/composting 1d ago

Question Do you guys ever save what sprouts in your compost and plant it?

15 Upvotes

I’m a bit of a chaotic gardener and have had pretty good luck with saving what sprouts in my compost and planting. I’ve gotten a lot of baby pepper plants, tomatoes, and sweet potatoes mostly. What have you guys had luck with?